Introduction.In the last decade, we can observe an increasingly unstable situation in the world. This applies not only to the economic and, therefore, social side of life, but also to the political side. In the era of globalization, it is very difficult to separate these three concepts. The most striking example of this is the crisis in the Middle East. For centuries, the Middle East region has attracted the most powerful countries in the world due to its significant oil and gas resources as well as its vast territories. For a long time, most countries in the Middle East were under the influence of Western powers, but in the 20th century, most of them gained independence and began to create their own history. However, it wasn't that simple. The new countries were confronted with many factors: resettlement conflicts of ethnic minorities (Kurds, Palestinians), the struggle for a source of income (oil), an interfaith struggle (on the territory inhabited by the different Islamic religious groups) . : Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, Druze, Wahhabis), the di...