This is why we need to understand what it means to be successful. As stated in the book The Logic of Failure, Dietrich Dörner analyzes the importance of failure over success by stating: “If success comes too easily, the game is no fun. If success is impossible, the game is too frustrating” (Dörner 61). Dörner uses "success" as a metaphor for a game, and failure is meant to contribute to a goal's ability to function properly. What I mean by failure is making an effort to learn and learn from your mistakes. Lisa highlights the idea she calls "smart but don't try", suggesting that a smart individual might not succeed in school, while a person who hasn't put in much effort at school The school cheats and thus gets high grades (Nunn 32). Here, I think failure is measured by the amount of effort put into a task. I think putting a lot of effort into something and not getting the desired result automatically makes it a success because attempts were made. Another key idea to success is to prepare for failure. In his book Success through Failure: the paradox of design, Henry Petroski writes that “anticipating and identifying how a design can fail – or even simply be perceived as a failure – is the first step to making it a success” (Petroski 51 ). Working proactively to correct failure before it happens is an effective way to move closer to success. Petroski also writes about how to view failures in terms of successes.