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  • Essay / Ultrasonic Testing - 814

    Ultrasound is the universally accepted technique for studying the physicochemical properties of liquids, liquid mixtures, electrolyte solutions and polymer solutions. Liquids, liquid mixtures and solutions find many applications in the solution-related medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, foam, textile, nuclear and solvent industries. The study and understanding of the thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures and solutions is increasingly essential for their applications in these industries. Ultrasonic velocity measurements in the combination of density and viscosity have been used to study molecular interactions in liquid mixtures and solutions. Proteins are linear macromolecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acid residues and having a very complex structure. There are nearly twenty amino acids that constitute the building blocks of living organisms. Due to the complex nature of proteins, direct study is not easily possible. Thus by studying the nature of amino acids and peptides; we can obtain a large amount of information about proteins. Ultrasonic study of amino acids in an aqueous solution of electrolytes or non-electrolytes provides useful information related to the behavior of the media. (MK Praharaj University Library et. al.). The electric field of the ion affects the stability of proteins. The variation of the ultrasonic speed with the concentration shows this interaction between the solute and the solvent. The ultrasonic propagation parameter provides valuable information on the behavior of the liquid system, because intermolecular and intramolecular associations, dipolar interactions, complex formation and associated structural changes affect the compressibility of the liquid, which produces a variation in velocity ultrasound. (SC Bhatt applied physics... ... middle of paper ......nique is not hazardous to the operator and the material being tested.• This is a very accurate method for determining reflector position and estimate size and shape.• It is sensitive to both surface area and surface discontinuities.• Minimal part preparation is required.• It is a cost effective technique.• Associated frequencies. to relaxation phenomena are in the ultrasonic range and can therefore be easily focused. In ultrasonic testing, high-frequency sound waves are sent into a material by a transducer. The sound waves pass through the material with a certain attenuation and. are also reflected at the interfaces. The reflected or transmitted wave signal is converted into an electrical signal by the same transducer. The reflected or transmitted wave signal is analyzed to determine the presence, size, location of defects. wavelength and discontinuities. Dipeptide structure: