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  • Essay / British Rule in India - 1381

    The conflict and controversy surrounding events in India during British occupation helped give rise to many conflicting ideas about British rule. Although varying in degree, the ultimate ideas would challenge the authority of British rule as a whole. The interpretation of 19th-century rebel events between British and nationalist writers exposes the divergent views of the two groups. The British naturally aspired to downplay any acts of rebellion, while their Indian counterparts attempted to exaggerate the significance of these events, in order to promote the nationalist cause. Indian concerns over British rule began to gain momentum as certain events unfolded in British India. began to deploy against the British. Hearsay and other propaganda had begun to take hold among Indians, rapidly changing sentiment towards the British. One of them was the widely held belief that the British were preparing to dismantle the caste system and convert India to Christianity. Although not factual, subsequent actions by British officials did nothing to dispel the rumors and Brahmins began to fearfully question British motives. The rebellion of 1857 can be seen as caused by the accumulated grievances of the Bengal Sepoy Army. Certain factors contributed to the deterioration of the morale of the Sepoy army, composed of Brahmins and other high-caste Hindus who helped promote a "hotbed of sedition". The poor standard of British officers and the lack of improvement in the general situation of men serving in the army also increased insurrectionary tendencies. These military grievances which were significant were not sufficient in themselves to incite the rebellion, it took a perceived attack on the Sepoys' religious institutions to spark the rebellion. English ignorance and indifference can also be seen in the distribution of the Enfield rifle. Its distinct ammunition required the bullet to be bitten before loading. Rumors that the grease used on the bullets came from either cattle or pig fat, which was disrespectful to Hindus and Muslims, were interpreted as an attack on the heart of Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs. These rumors, unlike those about conversion to Christianity and dismantling of the caste system, turned out to be true, and the British removed their objectionable fat. These events explain the military aspects of the uprising which reflect the version of events accepted in official British circles. This version favored by British writers fails to acknowledge an unprecedented level of widespread unrest among ordinary Indians, who saw the actions of the British government