According to the Education Reform Glossary (“English Language Learner,” 2013), English Language Learners (ELLs) are students who are unable to communicate fluently or learn effectively in English, who often come from non-English speaking homes and backgrounds and generally require specialized or modified instruction in both English and their academic courses. Immigrants make up 13% of the U.S. population, and many of those 13% have children who speak their native language. In 1974, there was a Supreme Court case, Lau v. Nichols. Kenny Lau was a Chinese immigrant and his lawyers thought it was unfair that he was only taught English while he was in school. Kenny didn't know the English language, so when he was in school he wasn't learning. Education systems had to do something to ensure that non-English speaking students had equal access to education. There has even been research done that showed that English language learners had a higher dropout rate and their grades were significantly lower than English speaking students. This led the school to create programs for ELL students. The programs created can be summarized into five categories. English as a Second Language English as a Second Language (ESL) refers to people who have not learned English as their primary language. Some people may say that ESL is not a correct term because many students learn English as a third or fourth language. Therefore, a better term to use would be Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages ​​(TESOL). The main goal of ESL and TESOL programs is to develop students' language skills in English, with a primary focus on communication, grammar and vocabulary (America...... middle of article.. ....progresses toward the 50/50 Model, as students age The Amigos Program The Amigos Program was established in Cambridge, MA in 1985-1986 and now serves nearly 300 students (Two-Way Bilingual Education, n.d.) .a bilingual education program for low English proficiency and English speaking students. The program followed the 50/50 model and had one English speaking teacher and one Spanish speaking teacher. To have a proper evaluation of the program, the English Amigos. Achievement tests were compared to a group of students from a Cambridge public school who spoke English and the Spanish Amigos were compared to a group of students from a Cambridge public school who spoke Spanish. to each of the four groups and the results were only English and Spanish. The Spanish Amigos both performed better on tests overall.