The treatment of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans is often overlooked while the struggles of other ethnic groups in the United States take center stage in history. Many remember the plight of African Americans and their struggle for basic civil liberties in 19th and 20th centuries America. However, we must not forget that the Chinese are another group heavily discriminated against through the use of legal racism in the form of laws violating the basic human rights and Sinophobic sentiments of the American population. After China's "fall" into communism, anti-Chinese sentiments were only exacerbated by the second Red Scare and the communist witch hunts it created. People of Chinese descent have been another unfortunate target of racism in the long history of legalized racism in the United States. Shanghai Girls is a fiction novel by Lisa Lee that chronicles the journey that two Chinese sisters - Pearl and May - take after unfortunate circumstances force them to immigrate to the United States in 1937. The story begins with Pearl and May living in Shanghai, a modern and glamorous city in China, and the girls lead an upper-class life thanks to their father's thriving rickshaw business. However, their father's gambling causes them to lose their fortune and Pearl and May are sold to Chinese men in the United States for an arranged marriage. Both girls initially refuse to leave and decide to stay in China, causing them to become caught up in the Second Sino-Japanese War and being forced to immigrate to the United States to avoid the war. Immigrating to the United States was not an easy task due to the effects of the Chinese Exclusion Act enacted in 1882 and the grueling interrogations on Angel Island. Ultimately, entering the United States was not... middle of paper......communist ideas. Americans viewed communism as the ultimate “evil” and capitalism as the ultimate “good.” This is how the second Red Scare began. The Red Scare gave way to the communist witch hunts of the McCarthyism era. China became communist after the 1949 revolution led by leader Mao Zedong that established the People's Republic of China. China's "fall" toward communism caused the United States to become even more suspicious of people of Chinese descent, seen as spies aiming to sabotage the United States. For almost a century, from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. , Chinese Americans and Chinese immigrants have suffered discrimination from the government and people of the United States. The Chinese are another group of people who have been treated worse than during the long history of legal racism in the United States. The Chinese experience is often neglected, just like other