Table of contentsSummary: :: SynonymBiological sourceDescriptionCultivation detailsPhytochemical analysis of plant partsAsh value of plant parts:Therapeutic properties of Pithecellobium DulceAnti-inflammatory activitiesAntibacterial activitiesActivities antioxidantsAntidiabetic activitiesAntimicrobial activitiesAnticonvulsant activitiesCardio protective activitiesAntidiarrheal activitiesLarvicidal and ovicidal activitiesAntiulcerogenic activitiesAntifungal activityConclusionSummary: :: ::Phytochemical screening of plants revealed the presence of various chemicals together consisting of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and saponins. Several plant extracts and phytochemicals exhibit free radical-scavenging antioxidant properties. Plant secondary metabolites function as an unconscious process against predation by several microorganisms, insects and herbivores. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Plant products have been part of herbal medicines for a long time. These can come from any part of the plant such as bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds. Any part of the plant can contain an active compound. Information on the chemical constituents of plants is of interest because this data will be important for the synthesis of complex chemicals. Such phytochemical screening of assorted plants is reported by several analysts. In the present work, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out in the leaf, fruit and fruit of Pithocellobium dulce. The Pithecellobium dulce plant has many uses that play a versatile role in the ancient system of medicine. Many studies are underway on the effectiveness of the whole plant or its components for the treatment of various diseases and foods. The active compound of the plant includes flavonoids, sterols, tannins, tri-terpenoids, etc. Health beneficial properties due to the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, steroids, etc. and preventive properties against diseases such as antifungal, antiviral, bactericidal, antidiabetic, diastolic properties. , diuretic, anthelmintic effects, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and sedative activities which have been studied and verified by research. The various therapeutic properties of the tree (P.dulce) are mentioned in this report. SynonymInga dulcis (Roxb.) willd, Manila tamarind, Khoi babla (Bengali), Dekhani babul (Bengali), madras thorn, Quamochil, Bakhoi ambli (Gujrati), Huamuche (Japan), etc.Biological sourceIt is obtained from the ripe fruits, leaves and pods of Pithocellobium dulce which belongs to the family: Fabaceae.DescriptionIt is a small or medium sized tree with a straight white spine.The leaves are bipinnate in nature and each pinnate having a pair of leaflets ; the leaflets are biased; dense; long and obvasive. The size of the leaflets is about 2.5 cm in length and they are subsesile. The flowers are tiny, white in color and have small ball-shaped heads. The diameter of the flower is 1 cm. The pods are deformed, they measure 10 to 20 cm in length, fleshy, turgid and become reddish in color when ripe. The pods are edible and consist of a fleshy, acidic and sweet pulp. They can be eaten naturally or raw or processed. in a drink similar to lemonade. From the seeds, oil can be extracted and used forcooking purposes or for making soaps. Cultivation Details The tree grows at low and medium altitudes in humid as well as dry regions of the tropics. in a region where the average temperature is between 18 and 27.9°C. It requires drained soil exposed to sunlight and it can easily grow plants. It can also grow in heavy clay soil. This tree can also grow in poor soils. It begins to flower when the tree is 1 to 2 meters tall. In 40 years, the tree can reach a height of 12 to 15 meters. The tree can reach a height of 10 meters in 5 to 6 years if the soil condition is favorable. The grove of trees is vigorous and produces suckers when it injures the roots. Once planted in the field, it does not require any type of treatment except occasional pruning. This species forms an interaction with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. This tree uses a little nitrogen for its growth, but a little nitrogen is used by other plants located near this tree.The tree can tolerate pH as high as 8.3.Phytochemical analysis of plant partsPhytochemical screening of plants revealed the presence of various chemicals including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and saponins. Several plant extracts and phytochemicals exhibit inhibitory atom trapping properties. Plant secondary metabolites function in an unconscious process against predation by several microorganisms, insects and herbivores. Plant products have been part of herbal medicines for a long time. These can come from any part of the plant such as bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds. Any part of the plant can contain an active compound. Information on the chemical constituents of plants is of interest because this data will be important for the synthesis of complex chemicals. Such phytochemical screening of assorted plants is reported by several analysts. As part of the donation work, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out on the leaves, fruits and fruits of Pithocellobium dulce. Value of ashes of plant parts: Total ashes are the residue remaining after incineration. Acid-insoluble ash is that portion of total ash that is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. Ash values ​​are useful in determining the quality and purity of crude drug in powder form. % Total ash = Weight of total ash Г— 100 Weight of crude drug % Acid insoluble ash value = Weight of insoluble ash acid Г— 100Weight of crude medicinePlant parts Ash valueFruit (100 g) 0.6 gWhole fruit with shell and seeds (100 g) 0.2 gSeeds (100 g) 2.6 gFoliage (100 g) 15.34 gProperties Therapeutics of Pithecellobium DulceAnti-inflammatory ActivitiesAnti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. The ethanolic tree extract showed the presence of secondary metabolites resembling alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. It showed an increase in the response proportion of inhibition of macromolecule denaturation and membrane stabilization of HRBCs when placed next to the quality drug aspirin. about 62.80 and 59.25% respectively. Ethanolic and binary extracts of P. dulce leaves were studied for their drug activity victimizing paw swellinginduced by carrageenan in rats. Each extract showed significant drug activity by reducing paw volume at the dose level tested. The binary compound extract showed much activity than the alcohol extract which was a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a typical anti-inflammatory drug. Antibacterial activities Ethyl acetate from the peel of Camachile fruit was found to be effective against S. epidermis, E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and P. putida, while the methanolic extract was active against K. pneumonia, S. aureus and P. putisda. Binary compound extract was found to be effective against respiratory disease of K. and S. aureus only, while rock oil ether extract was active only against P. putida. The results also indicated that skin extracts, especially extracts of methanolic, ester, and binary compounds, exhibit the ability to quench the DPPH radical, suggesting that the extracts are radical-smart antioxidants. P. dulce pod pulp extract revealed effective suppression activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, Bacillus and Gram-negative microorganisms, and enterobacterial respiratory diseases. B. subtilis showed a larger clearance diameter than that of the alternative Gram-positive organism. Similarly, the extract showed a greater area of ​​clearance within the Gram-negative microorganism, K. pneumonia, than that of another Gram-negative microorganism. Antioxidant Activities Oxidative stress is known as the fundamental explanation for the occurrence and progression of many diseases. Thus, plants containing secondary metabolites love phenoplast compounds would possess strong inhibitory activity of P. dulce leaf extract ready in many solvents (acetone, methanol and water). Its inhibitory activity was evaluated by analysis of phenoplast content, FRAP, DPPH and gas radical scavenging activity analyses. The results showed that the presence of phenolic content (alkaloids, terpenoids, phlobatannins, coumarins, tannins and flavonoids) in the extract, but a higher content was found in the methonic extract. The IC50 price of FRAP, DPPH, gas radical removal test for dissolving agent (72.17, 13.70, 50.7), alcohol (49.77, 74.89) and l The aqueous extract (91.5, 67.41, 81.80) have been reported, authenticating the inhibitory activities and antifungal activity. Alcohol and dissolving agent extracts of wood bark and leaves of P. dulce were evaluated for their inhibitory activity and the results revealed that wood bark and leaves of the plant are the main source of total inhibitory activity with an intelligent content of total phenoplasts and flavonoids. It also happens to be a good iron. therefore everywhere the plant could well be useful in preventing the progression of various oxidative stresses.14Antidiabetic activitiesIn this study, on rats treated with alloxan, there was a significant increase in the levels of glucose, sterol and glycerides. Oral treatment with two hundred mg/kg.b.wt and four hundred mg/kg.b.wt of hydroalcoholic extract of huamachil bark significantly reduced glucose, sterol and glyceride compared to quality glibenclamide. Thus, the antidiabetic activity is also due to this presence of phyto constituents like sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, synthetic resin compounds and flavonoids in the alcoholic extract of P. dulce bark. Oral administration of P. dulce fruit extract (300 mg/kg bw/day) to diabetic rats for thirty days significantly reduced glucose, Hbglycosylated, carbamide and creatinine. The altered levels of humoral aminotransferases and alkalescent enzyme were normalized upon treatment with the fruit extract. It also determined that the decreased levels of protein, plasma endocrine and Hb in diabetic rats were elevated to approach normal. The amount of polyose contained was improved upon treatment with the extract. Thus, the results of the study showed that the fruit extract is non-toxic and has antidiabetic nature. Antimicrobial Activities Silver nanoparticles prepared biologically from the huamachil plant developed sensitivity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeuruginosa and C. strains of microorganisms. albicans showed the best sensitivity among the different concentrations used for the antimicrobial activity of P. dulce leaf against twenty infectious microorganisms. P. dulce leaf extracts were ready in H2O and organic solvents. The agar well diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts against 5 Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, E. faecalis, M. luteus, S. aureus and S. epidermidis), seven Gram -negative (Aeromonas hydrophila, A. faecalis, E. aerogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium) and eight fungi (A. flavus, A. niger, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. alternata, Alternaria brasicola, A. solani and A. vitis). The extracts showed a variable zone of inhibition (ranging from seven to twenty-seven mm) against most of the microbes tested. Solvent extracts were found to be simpler than the liquid extract. The most inclined creature was E. faecalis with an inhibition zone of 27 millimeters. The lowest MIC values ​​were obtained against E. faecalis, indicating the strain status for all extracts. The study results indicated that P. dulce extracts possess bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. Anticonvulsant Activities Epilepsy is characterized by the return of seizures related to loss or disturbance of consciousness, usually but not invariably accompanied by characteristic body movements (convulsions) and invariably correlative with abnormal and excessive graphic discharge. Anticonvulsant drug activity of crude flavonoid fraction of P. dulce leaf (CFFPD) by victimization the body covering pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and examining external shock treatment (MES) models in rats, flavonoid fraction raw showed a significant reduction during the period of hindpaw extension and onset of convulsion dose in each external shock treatment, examine the pentylenetetrazole model. The ethanolic and liquid extract of huamachil leaves was studied for its anticonvulsant activity outside of electroshock-induced seizures (ESI) in rats. Each extract showed significant anticonvulsant activity by reducing the prolongation period at the dose level tested. The liquid extract showed higher results resembling the ordinary medicine Dilantin metal.Cardio protection activitiesThe cardio protection result of grain alcohol and huamachil fruit liquid extract in Isuprel (ISO), iatrogenic organic chemistry and hista pathological changes in rats, revealed that ISO-induced rats showed a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes such as body fluid salt pyruvate aminopherase (SGOT), aminopherase of body fluid salt (SGPT), internal organ marker enzymes such as amino acid phosphokinase (CPK) and nurse dehydrogenase (LDH). Pretreated with liquid and ethanolic extract of bark of.