With advances in technology and medicine, genetic screening and testing are becoming more and more common in our society. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) defines genetic testing as "searching a population of individuals with certain genotypes that (1) are already associated with or predispose to a disease, (2) may lead to to disease in their offspring, or (3) produce other variations not known to be associated with disease” (NHGRI, 2005). The term genetic testing is similar, but differs in that it only targets individuals considered to be at high risk for genetic disease. For example, testing an asymptomatic person in a family whose relatives have this disease would constitute genetic testing (NHGRI, 2005). For the purposes of this article, the two terms will be used interchangeably. Given the increasing number of genetic tests available to identify genetic diseases, it is important to examine the ethical implications of genetic testing as well as the arguments for and against this practice. Although many argue that genetic discovery is a beneficial practice, there are still a significant number of people who oppose genetic testing. Grosse et al. (2009) argue that decision-making regarding genetic testing should explicitly take into account the principles of ethics and opportunity costs. The authors discuss opportunity costs in terms of what would happen if funding for other health services was displaced due to costly genetic testing. They argue that screening programs can result in diagnostic tests and treatments that are not necessarily benign but are very expensive. Yet policymakers and clinicians often neglect to consider cost-effectiveness in health care priorities... middle of article...... & Khoury, MJ (2009). Population screening for genetic diseases in the 21st century: evidence, economics and ethics. Public Health Genomics, 1-10. Heshka, J.T., Palleschi, C., Howley, H., Wilson, B., & Wells, P. (2008). A systematic review of the perceived risks, psychological and behavioral impacts of genetic testing. Genetics In Medicine, 10, 19-32. National Human Genome Research Institute. (2005). Genetic Testing Report - Chapter 1. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://www.genome.gov/10002405 Ross, LF, Saal, HM, David, KL, & Anderson, RR (2013). Technical report: ethical and policy issues related to genetic testing and screening of children. Genetics in Medicine, 15, 234-245. Savulescu, J. (2007). Genetic interventions and the ethics of human enhancement. In B. Steinbock (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Bioethics (pp. 417-427). Oxford University Press.