Certain areas of life are surrounded by a lot of crime and violence. Boyd (2015) highlights that certain urban neighborhoods are "hot spots" of violence and that they "experience the highest levels of violent crime" and at the same time "are also characterized by high, century-old levels of poverty, a racial segregation, a population of young people and single-parent families” (p. 320). The street in Scarborough where Gangaram lived was where Canada's worst shooting took place several years earlier. This shooting happened after a neighborhood barbecue. This left several people dead and many others injured (Gillis, 2015). According to Boyd, a high concentration of poor people leads to a higher rate of violent crime (Boyd, 2015). In this case, Gangaram and Allen are unemployed, have low income and low education. Additionally, Gangaram was a single parent (Gillis, 2015). Emily M. Wright and Michael L. Benson (2010) also mention that economic hardship affects partners' relationships, causes stress, and can lead to physical violence. Stable families need a minimum level of income