blog




  • Essay / The association between differential association theory...

    Differential association theory is based on a set of seven principles. Differential association theory states that criminal behavior is learned. By this, Sutherland intended that criminal behavior be classified as a social learning mechanism and could therefore be classified in the same way as any other learned behavior such as writing, speaking and walking (Siegel, 2012, p.237). Sutherland's next point states that learning is a byproduct of social interaction. Criminals learn from what they experience by being exposed to the environment. Differential association theory views crime not as something ingrained or the result of socioeconomic conditions or physical characteristics, but rather as a reflection of family, friends, and peers' influence of criminals . Differential association theory holds that criminal techniques are also the result of interactions in a person's life. The techniques learned vary from simple to extremely complex (Siegel, 2012, p.237). Some criminals begin this stage during childhood where they meet mentors to learn how to become successful criminals and obtain the greatest reward for their efforts. These mentors teach children how to pick locks, shoplift, and how to obtain and use drugs. Another principle of differential association theory concludes that a person's perception of the legal code influences their motivations and drives (Siegel, 2012, p. 237). This principle insinuates that criminals perceive the legal code as favorable or unfavorable. Legal codes are not consistent among all citizens of a specified society and a person is almost certain to encounter another person who views obedience to the law differently. The associations a person makes over the course of their life can vary in frequency.... .. middle of paper ...... think conventional methods and burglary is the most attractive to this type of person; the rewards are immediate and they don't have to wait for a salary that doesn't cover their expenses. Burglars get instant gratification, but the consequences may not always be optimal, especially if they are caught, which leads to an entirely different problem. Works CitedBernasco, W. & Luykx, F. (2003). Effects of attractiveness, opportunity, and accessibility to burglars on residential rates in urban neighborhoods. Criminology, 41, 981-1002.FBI. (2010). Crime in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-us/2010/crime-in-the-us-2010/property-crime/burglarymain.Friedman, L. (1993). Crime and Punishment in American History. New York: Basic Books. Siegel, L. J. (2012). Criminology. Belmont: Cengage learning.