What is diabetes mellitus?Diabetes is a very common disorder. It is the 8th cause of death in the world. The number of people with diabetes is predicted to almost double by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The most common feature seen in diabetes is increased blood sugar levels. The main reason for this is either decreased/absent insulin production, the body's resistance to the action of insulin, or both. High blood glucose levels can lead to long-term complications, especially in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart. , and blood vessels. Diabetes mellitus can be classified into three main types: Type 1 – Insulin-dependent diabetes, Type 2 – Non-insulin-dependent diabetes and Gestational diabetes mellitus. How does the body normally regulate carbohydrate metabolism? Carbohydrates, mainly glucose, are an important source of energy for living organisms. Certain tissues in the body (e.g. the brain) require a continuous supply of glucose. Maintaining blood glucose concentrations within a normal range is essential for regulating normal fuel consumption by organs. This is primarily accomplished by the two hormones, insulin and glucagon, which are secreted by the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas, respectively. The function of insulin is to control blood sugar levels by helping it move inside the cells of our body, thereby decreasing its concentration in the blood. Glucagon does the exact opposite. Other hormones in our body like glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and growth hormone also function like glucagon. What are the different types of diabetes mellitus? Type 1 diabetes mellitus The function of...... middle of paper ...... cy.What are the complications of uncontrolled diabetes? Ketoacidosis is a common complication, especially in type 1 diabetes. It is the buildup of ketones and acids in the blood. When cells cannot use glucose as a fuel source, they break down fats and lead to the development of ketoacidosis. In type 2 diabetes, very high blood glucose levels and dehydration can lead to a life-threatening condition called the non-ketotic state. hyperosmolar coma". In this condition, blood sugar levels may reach 6 to 20 times the normal range and loss of consciousness may develop. Urgent medical attention and rehydration are required. In addition, early formation of cataract, decreased vision, repeated fungal and bacterial infections, kidney damage, heart disease, muscle weakness and abnormal/decreased sensations, etc., are other common complications of uncontrolled diabetes..