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Essay / Herbert Marcuse Contradictions - 953
Critical Theory aims to scrutinize notions considered apparent by indicating the internal contradictions included within them. This allows us, as members of society, to better understand the reasons for the problems we encounter. In this article, I will discuss the contradictions between false and true needs according to Herbert Marcuse. In order to examine these contradictions, I will focus on Marcuse's central claim that false needs prevent us, as a society, from changing a problem and solving it. I will also discuss his solution to this contradiction that in order to change we need to be aware of the things that happen to us and not be so one-dimensional. The contradiction that Marcuse focuses on in "The New Forms of Control": in other words, people in society are being manipulated by the government into the way we think, we are being manipulated into believing that these false needs are what what we really want in our lives. However, Marcuse suggests that these false needs do not give us true freedom, nor true happiness, but only temporary happiness, meaning that when these needs are met, we gain satisfaction (Marcuse, p.7). The fact that these are not our real needs leads us to a serious problem, in the sense that it prevents us from changing a problem in society and solving it in our lives. For example, advertising in today's society may reflect false needs. Nowadays, goods are bound to break down after a while, which keeps demand high. Things are no longer built to retain their value, and a false economy makes it seem like spending more on an item will make it last longer. These illusions of the world according to Marcuse, become our reality (Marcuse, p.13). We tend to forget that there are other dimensions and become comfortable in this one-dimensional society, where false needs seem to be real needs. The reason we are so one-dimensionally blinded and can't really escape it is that these false needs pleasantly blind us (Marcuse, p. 14). The government describes these false needs as pleasant and argues that to change something in society we must be well aware of them and not be one-dimensional. To achieve this, we must go beyond ideology. Marcuse suggests that we must find the path from false consciousness to true consciousness; we must distinguish between our false needs and our real needs (Marcuse, p. 7). One can find true needs by being fully aware of one's true concerns, this occurs by developing a consciousness consistent with one's class position (Marcuse). In other words, it is necessary for humanity to develop a true understanding of its class situation if its individual and class interests are to be realized..