Approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, towards the end of the last ice age, societies most favored by climate and physical geography began to evolving from the long period of brutality of the Old Stone Age, or Paleolithic, to a more sustainable and sedentary way of life relying on agriculture and the domestication of animals. (Olson, p2) This transitional period, or the savagery of the New Stone Age known as the Neolithic period, eventually led to an increase in population, advancement in the size of societies, and the emergence of urban life. It is sometimes known as the Neolithic Revolution because with the rate at which technological innovation advanced, human political and social organization underwent a consequent increase in convolution. To understand the emergence of technology, it is therefore crucial to study the evolution from the Old Stone Age through the New Stone Age to the appearance of the first metropolitan evolution around 3000 BCE . Stone was the material that gave these eras their name and a technological model. the unison of prehistory is stone. Although it can be suggested that prehistoric humans used other materials such as fur, wood, leaves, bones and grasses, before stone was presumed to be the primary material of those times. Beginning around 7,500 BCE, a number of human cultures gradually became dependent on domestic animals and crops for food security. (Simmons, p 52) By 7,000 BCE, settled culture was able to support urban areas with demographics greater than 1,000 inhabitants, such as Çatal Huyuk and Jericho. Later, in the Middle East, around 3500 BCE, the major civilizations emerged. Climate change was an important factor and condition that triggered the transition from paper picking associated with food production to the manufacturing of other products, such as pottery, leather goods and fabric. (Bairoch, p14) Economic specialization due to the emergence of advanced technologies led to the creation of influential ruling classes and social stratification. Regional tax specialization often centered on the native holdings of the area in which the group of people was located. Trade was strengthened between areas offering different goods and services to ensure fair and reasonable distribution of products. Social stratification was limited in former agricultural communities. Property could be owned communally by all members of society, which provided cheap labor. The role of women in agricultural sectors decreased and men assumed the necessary responsibilities of agriculture and began to control the application of new tools..