Body modifications (BMs) have been known for many years, dating back to the 19th century, in many different cultures. According to Brandes, K., Fix-Griffin, L., Glassmeyer, D., Hawkins, L., Hawkins, R., LeJeune, M., "The Body Project", (2014), there are several different cultural traditions . of BM such as nose piercing associated with Hinduism, neck lengthening in Thailand and Africa, henna tattooing in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, teeth filing in Bali, piercing lip and earlobe stretching in Africa and female and male circumcision in many parts of the world. Piercings (in various forms), tattoos, breast implants, penile implants, cosmetic modifications, up to extreme modifications such as silicone implants, which lie just below the surface of the skin, which sometimes enhance a tattooing to create a three-dimensional look are more common today. to create a characteristic image, such as inserting silicone and mesh into the cranial area to create the appearance of horns. In general, these modifications are usually used to appear more desirable, or express an image of their inner personality, to conform to beauty ideals, and to achieve the image of the "perfect body". Although these BMs can create an ideal image for those who receive them, they also carry great risks that can arise from them. Two prominent historical examples of body modification are foot binding and corseting. For hundreds of years, foot binding was commonly practiced in China on girls, starting at ages 3 and 7 and continuing throughout their lives. All the toes except the big one were broken and bent. The foot was then wrapped very tightly. The bandages were changed frequently, maintaining constant pressure. At the end of the process, women have an out-of-body experience as they endure the pain until their mental state changes. And there are some who undergo plastic surgery because they have endured medical difficulties, such as breast cancer, and want to feel "normal" again. I also see that the way people change their diet and, in general, all of these changes are aimed at maintaining a socially constructed appearance of the "perfect body." Works cited by the American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing Brandes, K., Fix-Griffin, L., Glassmeyer, D., Hawkins, L., Hawkins, R., LeJeune, M., et al. (nd). The body project. Bradley University: Accessed May 28, 2014 from http://www.bradley.edu/sites/bodyproject/disability/modification/Nowak, R. (2006). WHEN LOOKS CAN KILL. New scientist, 192(2574), 18-21.