Graphene is a single, thin, tightly packed layer of pure carbon atoms that are held together in a hexagonal honeycomb matrix. In fuller expression, it is an allotrope of carbon arranged in flat sp2-bonded atoms with a very small molecular bond length (0.142 nm). Graphite is formed by arranging layers of graphene on top of each other, with tiny interplanar spaces (0.335 nm) (Cohen-Tanugi and Grossman, 2012). This fairly new material has progressed rapidly toward larger-scale production of 30-inch graphene membranes. (Bae et al., 2010). Graphene's tiny thickness, i.e., atomic layer, and enhanced tensile strength (Lu and Huang, 2009), could enable accelerated water transport, low-pressure supply, and a wide range flexible operating conditions, and could also be considered among the potential possibilities. advantages of graphene compared to current RO membranes. Although the atomic layer of graphene is impermeable to all gases and liquids (Bunch et al., 2008; Leenaerts et al., 2008) (Fig. 3A), many researchers are trying to explore the ability of this material to develop a membrane, due to the current mass production of graphene (Geim, 2009). Furthermore, nanopores could be induced within the unsaturated carbon atoms in the graphene structure, which exist at the edge of the chemically passivated pores. Lately, experimental procedures to introduce nanopores into graphene have been widely explored and rapid developments have been made. Initial methods based on exposure to an electron beam were used, but more modern approaches using helium ion beam drilling, diblock copolymer templating, and chemical etching were carried out. to obtain an accurate and denser porosity distribution (Bell et al., 2009...... middle of paper ......r material could be produced either by the layer-by-layer self-assembly method (LbL), or by mixing it with polymers (H. Kim et al., 2010; Potts et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2013).GO turns out to be a nanomaterial amphiphilic in nature, as water molecules are first adsorbed at the hydrophilic terminus (hydroxides) and then rapidly diffused among the hydrophobic carbon core, developing a water channel that enhances the permeation flow once. As water molecules infiltrate the GO layers, they form to form a single-layer configuration that separates consecutive layers from each other, leading to an increase in spacing d. (Hung et al., 2014). The unique properties of GO-based water desalination membrane could open the door to opportunities to overcome challenges, to make clean water easily accessible everywhere on earth..