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Essay / Are stereotypes inevitable? - 1749
Prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping are important topics that generate debate in social psychology. A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits cling to all members, regardless of actual individual variations (Akert, Aronson, & Wilson, 2010). As humans, people classify objects and people into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this not only to organize themselves, but also to survive. Are stereotypes inevitable? That's the question; according to Devine (2007), this is the case, but Lepore and Brown (2007) disagree. Devine believes that “stereotypes are automatic, which makes them inevitable.” On the other hand, Lepore and Brown are not convinced that stereotypes are automatic and affirmed, after observation, that they depend on the individual. According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory. repetition; this process is linked to stimulus signals from the environment. The intense nature of automaticity is that an individual cannot escape or attempt to ignore the process (Devine, 1989). People construct and reinforce stereotypes through this automatic process and have no conscious control over memory retrievals. The human body takes a lot of effort to function, but automatic processing requires little effort. So people rely primarily on automatic rather than controlled thinking. This is why some researchers argue that automatic processing is the reason why stereotypes are inevitable; because automaticity is easier, this does not mean that controlled thinking cannot destroy stereotypes (Devine, 1989). Controlled thinking is intentional and requires the active participation of an individual. This process...... middle of article ......social Psychology, 56(1), 5-18.Devine, P., Lepore, L. and Brown, R. (2007) Stereotypes are they inevitable? Taking Sides: ClashingViews In Social Psychology (2nd ed.) Nier, Jason A., New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill.282-313. [chapter]Fiske, S. (1989). Examining the role of intention: toward an understanding of its role in stereotypes and prejudice. Involuntary thought 253-283. New York, NY US: Guilford Press. Pettigrew, T. (1987): “Useful” ways of thinking contribute to prejudice. New York Times. Stewart, T., Latu, I, Kawakami, K., & Myers, A. (2010). Consider the situation: Reducing automatic stereotyping through situation attribution training. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46, 221-225. Wheeler, M. and Fiske, S. (2005). Controlling racial prejudice: Affectamygdala socio-cognitive goals and stereotype activation. Psychological sciences, 16, 56-63.