The articles covered new philosophies regarding cell phones and their benefits; like the article by Kukulsa-Hulme and Traxter which specifies the advantages of the new philosophy, m-learning. Other articles have focused on past events of cell phone harm to others and their current effects on others today. The majority of articles are journals or published in magazines and come from reliable sources such as Gale, Google Scholar and EBSCO. While the other few were government-owned sites. These articles date back no further than 2001, a time when the popularity of cell phones was growing and stopping in 2014; to show how society has been affected by the growth of cell phones over time. The authors of the articles are generally graduates or have the highest diploma in their profession; for example, Madden and Lenhart are senior research specialists. The items included are therefore