Why DNS? In modern computing, all software applications involving communication with other computers over the Internet use IP addressing to identify hosts with which to communicate. IP addresses are formatted numeric sequences that specify the location of host computers on the Internet or LAN/WAN network. IP addresses are difficult for humans to remember, so it is necessary to refer to network resources by a human-understandable name. The actual process of translating IP addresses into readable domain names is done using the Domain Name Service (DNS). In the early days of the Internet and before the creation of the DNS architecture, relatively few hosts existed on the Internet. At the time, the method for locating host computers on the Internet was to use a special file called hosts.txt. The master copy of the hosts.txt file was centrally managed and hosted by the Stanford Research Institute – Networking Information Center (SRI-NIC). All computers residing on the Internet needed to download the hosts.txt file from the SRI-NIC to have an up-to-date copy of the mapping of all hosts on the Internet. Maintenance of the hosts.txt file was manual. process carried out by the SRI-NIC. As new hosts were added to the Internet, requests to add the host information to the hosts.txt file were sent directly to the SRI-NIC. SRI-NIC performed the update (weekly) and all network administrators of all computers connected to the Internet had to re-download and install the update. When the Internet was small, maintaining the hosts.txt file was relatively simple. But as the popularity of the Internet grew, manual maintenance of the hosts.txt file became extremely problematic. SRI-NIC was updating more often with...... middle of paper ...... domain name IP information. The DNS server returns domain records to the DNS client. The DNS client then decides which domain record to use from the returned results and returns its IP selection to the web browser in the correct format. Finally, the application software is now able to open a socket on www.company.com to establish a connection. Conclusion The domain name resolution method is impressive when you take into account the level of coordination. DNS is a clever solution to what was otherwise a disastrous method of preserving a mountain of information. The DNS method facilitates rapid changes and unlimited growth on the Internet. Overall, given the millions of hosts in existence today (and millions more in the very near future), DNS is a relatively fast solution due to its distributed processing architecture and use caching..