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Essay / Jnana Yoga and Hinduism: A Study Guide to Hinduism
The “Aryans, or Nobles, and the religion they brought with them constituted the first evolutionary layer of Hinduism” (Novak 1). The Aryans used “a burnt offering to the gods, performed by priests specially trained to chant sacred hymns” as the centerpiece of their rituals (Novak 1). The “first principle to learn in speaking of God, Hindus insist” is “to learn what to leave aside” (Smith 59-60). In Hinduism there is not just one god but many gods and goddesses, some gods and goddesses can be found in the paths of yoga that Hindu believers follow. The multiplicity of gods and goddesses is what makes Hinduism known as a “polytheistic religion” (Naik par. 1). Furthermore, “some Hindus believe in the existence of three gods, others do. However, keep in mind that Atman (God/Divine) is also found inside every human soul and not only in the one who chooses the path of Jnana Yoga. Additionally, in my Hinduism study guide, under Jnana Yoga, it says: "an intuitive discernment that transforms, ultimately transforming the knower into that which he knows." This means that after following the three stages of Jnana Yoga, the Hindu believer will be transformed from being a knower to that which he knows, i.e. finding the Atman (God/Divine). Atman can be described as “the individual self or soul” (Woodburne 53). Furthermore, Atman can be defined in several ways, including "the principle of life" or "the individual self, known after enlightenment to be identical with Brahman". According to the Upanishads (“end of the Veda”), “Brahman is everything”. in all. It is that mysterious cosmic power which emanates from all that is associated with worship” (Woodburne 53). It is also known as the expression of God himself. In Bhakti Yoga, God is seen as a person rather than something that is inside one's soul. Furthermore, there are two other Gods in this path of Yoga which will be discussed. For example, Shiva who is the destroyer of ego/judgment and Rama who is the sustainer of the universe. Shiva's wife is called "Parvati" (Religionfacts.com). In Jnana Yoga, God is seen as “the infinite sea underlying the waves of our finite self; God is impersonal, transpersonal, because personality seems limited” (Hinduism Study Guide). However, in Bhakti Yoga, “God is personal; there is a distinction between self and God; thus, the aim of Bhakti is to worship God with every element of the being” (Hinduism Study Guide). Bhakti and Jnana Yoga (mode) are used to practice Karma