TITLE: RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF GRASSHOUSESINTRODUCTIONThe grasshopper is classified in the Order of Orthoptera and in the Class of Insects. Orthoptera derived from the word "orthos" means straight or rigid while "ptera" means wing. The grasshopper is classified in the class Insecta due to its 3 body segments including the head, thorax and abdomen. Insects exhibit characteristics of an articulated exoskeleton, with each body segment comprising a dorsal sclerite, tergum, sternum, and pleura (Chapman, 1998). Animal cells are known to be bathed in extracellular fluid (ECF) in which most cells exchange solutes with extracellular substances. fluid and not with the external environment which is facilitated by the massive flow (circulatory system) of the ECF and powered by pumps (hearts). Most insects have only one main pump, a dorsal vessel, several accessory pumps with a circulating portion of the ECF known as blood or hemolymph. Four main functions of hemolymph are as a means of transporting hormones and nutrients between tissues and as storage sites for certain nutrients and water (Chapman et al., 2013). The process of gas exchange occurs through a system of internal air-filled tubes, a tracheal system, finer branches that extend to all parts of the body that become functional intracellular muscle fibers in which oxygen can be transported in the gas phase directly to the sites of use. Some insects are known to have hemocyanin, an oxygen-carrying pigment that exists in the blood, some aquatic insects have gas exchange with water using trachea networks under the permeable cuticle while in some aquatic and terrestrial insects, the existence of stigmas (tracheas) which open through segmental pores) functions as a filter middle of paper......pic/289001/insect/41290/Circulatory-system.Chapman , R.F. (1998). The Structure and Function of Insects (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Chapman, RF, Simpson, SJ, & Douglas, AE (2013). Insects: Structure and Function (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Jamal, J. (nd). Bio-net: Circulatory system of invertebrates. Retrieved May 6 from http://bionetonline.blogdetik.com/invertebrate-circulatory-system/John RM (2005). Insect physiology circulatory system. NC State University, General Entomology ENT 425. Web. May 19, 2014. John WB (2000). Respiratory physiology-- the essentials. Baltimore: Breathing. 1–10. Lighton, J. R. B. (1996). Discontinuous gas exchange in insects. Review Entomology 41: 309-324. Ryan S., Josh A. and Nick SS (2002). Evolution of the respiratory system. Diversity of systems. 2:33.