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  • Essay / Culture-Based Emotion Development for Infants and...

    Among all the different areas of development, emotional expression plays a very important role for people to understand the feelings of infants and toddlers children before they can express their thoughts accurately through linguistic communication. Simply put, emotion means a quick assessment of the personal meaning of the situation, which prepares people for action. For example, happiness, interest, surprise, fear, anger and sadness are the six basic emotions in humans (Berk, 2012); People can easily identify their emotional state by observing their facial expression in many situations. Although the expression of emotions is universal, much research shows that emotional development can vary greatly by culture. According to Camras et al. (1998), the expression of emotions is different in European, American, Japanese and Chinese infants. For the research, they selected 11-month-old infants from three different cultural groups, and each group was divided equally by gender. Each baby was required to wear light clothing and participate in three procedures (arm restraint, disappearing toy, and growing gorilla) during the experiment. The infants' facial expressions were going to be coded with the Baby Facial Action Coding System (BabyFACS), an anatomical coding system describing babies' facial movements. All procedures were recorded by two camcorders; one of them only showed a close-up view of the infant's face; another showed a wide-angle view of the infant's whole body movements (Camras et al., 1998). After analyzing the three dependent variables (facial movement time, expression variability, and expression lability), the researchers found that Chinese infants were the least expressive compared to European...mid paper......references of emotional expression between different cultures. Most people generally agree that children who grew up in Asian culture will tend to control their negative emotions and have less facial expressiveness; while children who grew up in Western culture are more willing to express their feelings directly and have greater facial expressiveness. Although the studies mentioned above showed cultural influences on emotional development, the participants were all from a normal family (with two parents). Future studies could also attempt to explore cultural influences on emotional expression by studying children from single-parent families; Additionally, there may also be differences in emotional development if children grow up with siblings or pets. The child is a little creature full of possibilities; future research could explore more unknown sides of children.