Due to climate change leading to unpredictable weather conditions, the exponential increase in human population and the rate of consumption of earth's resources exceeds the rate of replenishment, which has resulted in the need for the world to abandon unsustainable conventional farming methods and move towards a modern farming concept such as vertical farming. Despite this, managing an ecosystem inside a building would require many experts or at least an expert system which is lacking in the current market. The rest of this section describes the severity of each issue. 1.2.1 Climate change and unpredictable weather patterns In recent years, we can observe that the weather pattern is becoming less and less predictable. Large cities are among those hardest hit by these events. In June 2013, The Star had reported that foggy and hot conditions had led to high sales of air conditioners and purifiers in Malaysia. This is a simple, observable example of altered human behavior as a direct consequence of climate change. According to Hunt and Watkiss (2011), they identified 5 major climate risks to which cities are exposed: namely sea level rise, extreme events, health, energy consumption and availability of electricity. water. Among these five risks, extreme events and water availability pose major challenges to conventional agricultural methods. Extreme events such as droughts, heatwaves, windstorms and floods make outdoor farming increasingly difficult, compromising food security in large cities (Hunt and Watkiss, 2011). Water availability risk includes decreasing groundwater and surface water sources resulting from reduced precipitation and increased water as temperatures rise, further increasing the need to consume. ..... middle of paper ...... in the field of hydroponics systems.b. Identify all of the facts, rules, and expert principles applied to the cultivation of a specific plant.c. Identifying a benchmark outcome for good growth and harvest from a hydroponic system without the aid of an ES.d. Convert these facts, rules and principles into a set of fuzzy logic to be read by an ES.2. Phase 2 – Testing ES in a simplified hydroponic system. Build a simplified 3 story version of a vertical farm that uses a hydroponic system with control of pH, temperature, humidity and water level.b. Feature Implemented expert recommendation option for beginner users*c. Modify and test different versions of ES and obtain results from each different version to use in a comparative study.d. To answer the question: “Are conventional ES greenhouses applicable to a vertical farm concept building ??”