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  • Essay / Three concentric circles by Braj Kachru - 1743

    1. IntroductionIn 1985, Braj Kachru proposed the famous "Three Concentric Circles" framework to explain the spread and use of global English. The inner circle includes countries where English is the native language. Then, the outer circle refers to the society in which English is treated as a second language while the extended circle indicates the nation in which English has the status of a foreign language. (Bolton, 2000, p.266) Through colonization, English retained and gained official status in Hong Kong. According to this theory, Hong Kong should be classified in the outer circle. However, English is mainly adopted in international communication rather than personal areas. (Groves, 2009, p. 57) From this point of view, Hong Kong also has the particularity of extending the circle. Additionally, Hong Kong was transformed from a British colony into a special administrative region of China. The radical change in social policy necessitated a great change in the linguistic situation. The aim of this article is to analyze the local sociolinguistic environment and discuss the extent of multilingualism in Hong Kong. The document is mainly divided into five sections. The first section is a brief introduction to the article. The next part defines multilingualism using Singapore as an example. Then, the third section is the analysis of language use in Hong Kong at the individual level. Several dimensions of Hong Kong's linguistic situation are considered. The use of language from the perspective of social society will be discussed in the fourth section. The final part consists of summarizing the preceding argument and providing some thoughts on the issues.2. Definition of MultilingualismMultilingualism is a very common phenomenon... middle of article......ian Survey, 18 (10), 1067-1083.Luk, B., Lin, A., Choi, PK & Wong , PM(2008). Educational reforms and social mobility: rethinking the history of education in Hong Kong. In Siu, FH & Ku, SA (Ed.), Hong Kong Mobile: Creating a Global Population. (pp. 293-325). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University PressLi, C.S. (2009). Towards “literacy and trilingualism” in Hong Kong (HKSAR): issues, dilemmas and stakeholder perspectives. AILA Review, 22, 72-84. Hong Kong Media. (nd). On Wikipedia. Retrieved April 3, 2014 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Hong_Kong htmlSuen, MY (2008). Speech at the conference on teaching methods. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/aboutedb/press/speeches/sed/2012/20080327145491.Tan,J. (1997). Education and colonial transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: comparisons and contrasts. Comparative education, 33 (2), 302-312.