-
Essay / What is cardiac catheterization? - 1136
Cardiac catheterization is most often used to take blood samples from the heart, to measure the pressure and blood flow in the heart chambers and in the large arteries around the heart, to measure the content of oxygen to different parts of the heart. heart, to examine the arteries of the heart and perform a biopsy of the heart muscle. The procedure is used on patients to diagnose or evaluate cardiac amyloidosis, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, pulmonary hypertension and heart valve problems. Commercially available cardiac catheters contain wire braiding technology that adjusts their mechanical properties to promote safer, easier, and more efficient catheter operations. However, these catheters are not intended to be near a strong magnetic field found in MRI machines. This makes it difficult for doctors to imagine the position of the catheter when using it on a patient. Current fluoroscopy-guided ablation catheters have low contrast with soft tissue and their process of use exposes the patient and surgical team to a high dose of X-ray radiation. When these ferromagnetic catheters are introduced into an MRI system, they disrupt the images and cause a significant increase in temperature. An MRI compatible catheter is necessary to avoid these problems without compromising the required mechanical properties. The MR catheter in question uses copper-nitinol braided polymer tubing as the deflectable tip and nylon braid tubing as the shaft. Carbon fiber control bars are used to further enhance performance. The catheter is steered using a knob attached to a steering plunger at the catheter handle. ......middle of paper ......wire, copper-nitinol braided polymer tubing is used instead of stainless steel which is the material used for many non-MRI compatible catheters. A single braided Nitinol tip is not strong and rigid enough, although it does not affect the temperature of the catheter in a magnetic field nor does it distort the images produced by an MRI machine, so some copper was used with. Parts of the tip were made of small strips of Nitinol, to prevent the tip from bending. The braided tube and integrated carbon fiber control rod contribute to the flexural and axial stiffness of the rod. The mechanical properties of non-ferromagnetic cardiac catheter materials (resistance and thermal conductivity) and their electrical properties (non-ferromagnetic conductance) contribute to important technical aspects. However, it is