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Essay / White Normativity - 1395
Throughout life, people believe that their identity comes from their own beliefs and culture. However, American history proves that one belief and one culture dominates the country in which we all live. I want to discuss the main problem, white normativity in internalized stereotypes. In order to understand white normativity, I must address the meaning of white and white history. A person is white if they have no black ancestry in their family history (Zack, 2006). The definition therefore emphasizes the purity of white. White purity results from the fact that nationalism and biologicalism have become a hereditary moral, social and civic virtue (Zack, 2006). In America, the pure white race has become the richest and largest group. It turned out that whiteness developed in society through cultural ideas, public authority, and cultural norms. Leaving minorities unable to fully participate in culture. Recently, scholars have begun to study cultural formations of White racial identity within Whiteness Studies (Zack, 2006). At first, whiteness was seen by most Europeans as a religious and intellectual identity. Europeans strongly followed the works of the Bible and sought to live according to the word. Europeans emphasized the importance of a Christian life which later became known as white living (Zack, 2006). Since Christianity was considered the white people's way of life, they viewed God and Jesus as white men. Additionally, Europeans established the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge (Zack, 2006). Thanks to their intelligence, they had also created a slave trade. I was surprised and upset to know that Queen Elizabeth I was concerned about the consent of African slaves to captivity (Zack, 2006). I think if the Queen worried... middle of paper ...... accessed May 4, 2014 from http://www.malcolmx.com/about/bio.htmlKarsjens, KL, & Johnson, JM ( 2003). White normativity and subsequent critical racial deconstruction of bioethics. American Journal of Bioethics, 3(2), 22-23. doi:10.1162/152651603766436144Kaufka, B. (2009). Inner shadows: internalized racism and reflective writing. Reflective Practice, 10(2), 137-148. doi:10.1080/14623940902786115Kelly, S. and Floyd, F.J. (2001). The effects of negative racial stereotypes and Afrocentricity on the relationships of black couples. Journal Of Family Psychology, 15(1), 110-123. doi:10.1037//0893-3200.15.1.110McLeod, S.A. (2008). Stereotypes. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/katz-braly.html Pyke, Karen. (2010). WHAT IS INTERNALIZED RACIAL OPPRESSION AND WHY ARE WE NOT STUDYING IT? RECOGNIZING THE HIDDEN WOUNDS OF RACISM. Sociological perspectives, 53(4), 551-572.