Application of theory to the plan of careNursing theories can be extremely useful in nursing practice. Although nursing theories cannot predict the changes a certain patient may experience over time, they can help nurses organize their plan of care by providing a unique perspective to provide more effective patient care. The four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm (person, environment, health, and nursing) are present in all nursing theories although they are approached, defined, and presented differently (Masters, 2014, p. 48). Therefore, nurses can select a theory that best fits their beliefs and perspectives as well as the needs and characteristics of their patients. Pender's health promotion model and Newman's systems model are MR does not have acute health needs, but could benefit from positive behavioral changes. Pender’s theory “focuses on health-promoting behaviors” (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 125). If this theory is applied effectively, individuals will be able to identify their current behavior and obstacles as well as transform their environment influenced by health professionals towards a more balanced and positive lifestyle and behaviors (Blais and Hayes, 2011, p. 126). This theory is made up of several elements. First, this model takes into account individual characteristics and experiences. This block is subdivided into the influence of previous behaviors and personal factors, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors (Blais and Hayes, 2011, p. 126). Second, this theory considers behavior-specific cognitions and emotions. According to Blais and Hayes (2011), this block is subdivided into benefits perceived by the action of the individual (the experiences of the individual will affect their participation in health promotion), perceived obstacles (imaginary or real elements which decrease health-promoting behaviors), perceived self-efficacy (belief that someone can adopt the behavior to achieve the desired outcome), activity-related affect (subjective feelings before, during or after an activity), influences interpersonal (family, friends or health professionals) and situational influences (direct or indirect environmental elements that promote health-promoting behaviors) (pp. 126-128). Additionally, Pender's theory observes the individual's commitment to a plan of action and the identification of specific strategies to achieve a health promotion plan (Blais and Hayes, 2011, p. 129). Finally, this theory observes the individual's immediate competing demands (work or family responsibilities) and preferences (the individual can choose and control them) (Blais and Hayes, 2011, p. 129). All the concepts