Transport services provided by local government or state government are generally affordable, accessible in most areas and facilitate travel to healthcare facilities, leisure centers, schools and workplaces. . A recent increase in the population of cities, connecting nodes as a result of rural-urban migration in search of better socio-economic needs, has put pressure on the existing transport system, significantly decreasing its economic viability in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. As a result, the reliance on public transport has shifted to private motor vehicles. Personal private vehicles are numerous and the side effects include long, sustained traffic and increased effluent emissions. To resolve this crisis, a modern, well-organized transport system with scheduled timetables should be introduced to minimize the existing deficiencies of public transport. There is therefore an urgent need to introduce a rapid, well-organized and properly timed mass transit system, minimizing existing deficiencies. Say no to plagiarism. Get a Custom Essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the Original EssayPublic transportation is a mode of transportation available to the general public and owned by local or state governments. In the context of large cities, it is called mass transit systems (White. 2002). It can be provided by various types of modes such as city buses and rail services; however, most urban centers use buses and minibuses for transportation, and rail services have also been available for quite a long time. Public transportation forms the backbone of economic and social activities in most urban centers, becoming a crucial part of the overall success of an urban center's transportation system. The mobility of the working class who are not well off enough to afford a private car is guaranteed and enabled, it helps to create and maintain livable communities with high density land use, the congestion resulting from multiple cars private is considerably reduced and has been present for a very long time. long because it is sustainable thanks to the sharing of resources while protecting the environment. The passenger capacity of public transport systems is large, making it possible to carry out a large number of transports at once, especially during peak times of the day. In trying to control traffic congestion on roads, integrating land use and transportation, expanding roads, and continuing to build new roads have produced the desired results according to various studies. However, the most effective and reliable way to control traffic jams in urban centers is to use public transport services. Unlike private vehicles which can respond to changing transport demands, the public transport system is a process that evolves over time, at a pace that is not always appropriate. responsive to provide required services in a short period of time or instantly, but rather takes extended periods of time. Compared to other means of transportation that can accommodate a few people, public transportation requires massive capital to develop and maintain it. Investment in public transport infrastructure is directly proportional to possible economic turnover and the population served. The construction and expansion of roads andexisting infrastructure solves the problem of congestion for a while, as has been the case in several urban centers and cities (Tiwari, G. 2002). Unfortunately, this appears to encourage the purchase and use of private vehicles, which increases carbon monoxide (iv) emissions, leading to environmental pollution and, worse, heavy traffic jams and their associated side effects such as air pollution and noise (Beirão, G., & SarsfieldCabral, JA 2007). Due to insufficient funding, improving public transport is the most effective solution to decongesting roads compared to investing in other forms of transport. A public transport system that is efficient in terms of timetables, capacity to accommodate large numbers of commuters at once and is more accessible is the definitive solution to traffic congestion and should be integrated into future plans for urban centers (Mackett, RL 2001) . The Sunshine Coast council is served by buses, rail services, air travel, cycling and walking as the main modes of transport. However, residents rely heavily on private transportation; the rate of private car ownership is high, as evidenced by the large number of driving license holders. It is estimated that only a portion uses public transport each week and this low reliance on public transport has been attributed to poor accessibility, inconvenient frequencies, uncompetitive travel times and finally the presence of personal cars. The number of residents cycling and walking has increased. Therefore, car-dominated travel is the result of a dispersed population, lack of viable public transportation, and distances between centers that make walking and cycling not an option. Key challenges faced include: A rapidly growing and aging population – the population of the Sunshine Coast has increased over the years and it is likely that the current transport system will not be able to service this growing population. The population is aging, which also represents a challenge in planning exceptional travel to access, among other things, health care services. Public transport lacks infrastructure to accommodate the aging group. An accessible transportation system, such as trails and crossings that can accommodate all users, must be integrated. High dependence on private car - dependence on car as a mode of transport is high. Population dispersion, which resulted in an inadequate public transportation system, led to a culture of dependence on personal vehicles. Ease of access to parking spaces has also influenced the use of public transport. Congestion: high dependence on cars is the main cause of rush hour traffic jams and lack of parking spaces in some places. Topographic limitations have also been cited as another cause of traffic congestion in the region due to lack of connectivity. The lack of suitable parallel routes running north-south and east-west means that the current network is less resilient and is particularly prone to accidents. Poor and Inappropriate Bus Terminals – Bus terminals are poorly placed in relation to population distribution patterns. Many system components are missing, as well as some basic equipment. Additionally, there is a serious shortage of bus stops with standard amenities throughout the region. Furthermore, there are more gaps in the sector's regulatory measures, such asinadequate loading and unloading and public counters. Uncoordinated transport system - existing modes and sub-modes (bus, boat-bike and walking) act independently of each other. . Only a small percentage of trips are made by public transport, with most trips being made by bus. The share of travel from other public transport systems via rail and water is very insignificant. Nearly 70% of all trips are made by personal vehicle. Commuting to work during peak hours is mainly by road. Other alternative travel systems have inherent weaknesses because they are not aligned with commuters' travel routes. Lack of passenger information – crucial information about commuters, in terms of route maps, timetables or service time coverage, is virtually non-existent. For the majority of bus services, passengers either rely on knowing their schedule or waiting for their arrival at the bus stop. Fragmented ownership – the main public means are transit buses, which are operated by local government and other private companies. Private buses could belong to several operators. There is a tendency to see multiple operators competing on the same route, leading to inefficient use of roads. Recommended transport policies to increase public transport modal share Sunshine Coast Council would improve the quality and quantity of transport services public transport as well as the modal share of public transport in almost 30% of all trips by acquiring and protecting public transport. future transport corridors, by investing in better management of the road network, as part of an integrated multimodal transport system for the region. The integrated transport system will include: high-frequency transport links between major centers which will increase competitiveness and adequate growth as on-time deliveries are ensured, light bus transport, light rail or rail passenger train are the most reliable for this section. Secondly, the introduction and improvement of the already existing local network and feeder roads and services to support the high-frequency transport system which, in turn, would provide rapid connections and local travel options. Additionally, vehicles, which are mostly privately owned, will remain the most efficient and dominant means of transportation in the region's hinterland and in the movement of goods. Additionally, a healthy, sustainable and convenient transportation network should be a priority. Cycling and walking will be the natural choice for short distances in urban centers. Finally, connections to the system's arrival and departure points aim to supplement the network deficit by facilitating connections to the entire system, connection to main stops, allowing travel within centers. The options available are walking, cycling, buses and carpooling. For a transportation system to be sustainable, it must adopt a very active transportation plan within the local government, light rail that runs through the entire jurisdiction of the local government, incorporating environmentally friendly modes such as walking and cycling in any major infrastructure development, promoting and seeking support from State Government to develop sufficient infrastructure and services, introducing a reasonable transport levy fund to finance the construction of infrastructures and the improvement of thoseexisting, because funds for the advancement of the transport system are limited and finally, a road safety plan should be put in place and implemented. Road management which involves the design and implementation of improvements aimed at creating a road network that is more understandable to its users. Road management will be determined and controlled by the guidelines put in place, the roles being generally fixed by the road nomenclature. Demand management for transport services at peak times should be focused on periods of greatest influx of passengers, days with a considerable number of visitors, student trips. Further improvement of the local road to facilitate links with other road networks will be of great value to all road users and all other modes of transport in the region. When the road network is more connected, it is expected that there will be an increase in network capacity to quickly recover from congestion problems, accessibility to several places in the urban center will be much easier, Reduced traffic jams thanks to the distribution of vehicles in various remote locations. traffic hotspots and finally previously absent system components necessary to complete the road network and ensure continuity of passenger movements. Intersection improvements are typically undertaken for safety and/or capacity reasons. The needs of the current mode of transportation used and all public modes along this route are aligned in the design and implementation of improvements. When constructing the intersection, care should be taken to ensure that there are no gaps in the passable routes, as this could encourage commuters to use shortcuts and routes that are not recommended, causing traffic jams. Local traffic management should only be used as a last resort. The preferred solution is better road design, although some treatment may be necessary in existing areas with increasing non-local traffic load or excessive speed. Network Resilience – Local council road network planning should be able to provide and maintain an accepted level of service in the face of faults and challenges such as extreme weather events and any other forms of disruption. A good example is the Bruce Highway, where accidents are becoming more frequent and vehicle delays have increased. The options available to control traffic are very few. Therefore, investments will bring improvements for a period of time in sections with this type of technical challenge. Existing highway plans must be capable of providing services in the event of a disaster and be able to recover quickly to serve the community once the event occurs. In some cases, changes and improvements to the road system end up being less and less feasible if the necessary measures to control flooding during storms and tides are not feasible. Outcomes must balance community benefits with providing a transport link with readily achievable flood immunity against cost and time to flood immunity standards. The future and the climate are unpredictable; therefore, planning and investment will be required to respond to the challenges posed by climate change to transportation networks. Road safety is an integral part of road use and operation policies. The council will be responsible for educating drivers,cyclists and pedestrians on the appropriate use of road signs. They should also merge local security initiatives with regional security recommendations. More land use patterns can also be obtained by examining the demand for roads and infrastructure, which will then facilitate the management of land allocated for road use. The elements of road safety are: safe speeds which are given for each section of road, safe roads in terms of ease of use and with regard to its road edges, the type of vehicles used must be safe and in good roadworthiness, and safe road users. as pedestrians, drivers or cyclists. An optimal combination of safety standards is designed to ensure that all aspects of road safety are considered and that the arrangements made are feasible. Furthermore, the useful features of safety regulations must positively support the economy and contribute to the preservation of the environment. The road toll from accidents has recently increased and the aim is to exponentially reduce the incidence of injuries on all roads in the region, eventually reaching zero tolls. This would mean that the roads would be absolutely safe. Car manufacturers have also introduced new safety features in their cars, which will gradually improve road safety. Travel programs should be adapted to encourage walking for those traveling short distances. With the advent of mobile technology, smart applications can be used to communicate and provide relevant information to users. This targeted approach is beneficial as the targeted users are young people, workers and people located near public transport routes. The app will allow mode changes based on the purpose of the trip which could be travel to school, medical facilities or workplaces depending on the person. If weekend trips are for sport and leisure, the app mode could change to leisure mode. Targeting specific groups and seeking to increase active travel to and from local sports and recreational facilities will be key to achieving the region's modal share goals and improving transportation network management. The local council can also encourage the community by providing educational activities. programs through the promotion of national level events in the locality, such as Ride to School Day and Walk to School Day, and these are intended to introduce families to other ways, means or choices that could be used for regular travel. A program is also needed for car use during weekdays among working community members. Recent information indicates that there is a reduction in the number of people sharing a car and that individual car ownership has taken precedence. Car sharing on certain days of the week and carpooling programs are also an alternative to increasing the use of public transportation because they involve sharing. The efficiency of the required cars is maximized and the environment is also protected through reduced emissions. The private sector plays a major role in our society by providing employment among other things and its involvement will prove useful in the implementation of travel behavior programs by employers where employees generate a number of commutes . Their influence will contribute..