According to the Oxford English Dictionary, sodomy referred "originally to any form of sexual intercourse considered unnatural... [but] now mainly : anal intercourse” (“Sodomy”). This change in definition could easily be linked to the emphasis on homosexual behavior and the use of the word "sodomy" that was found throughout the Wilde trial. However, the defense appeared to closely follow Halperin's model of sodomy, so his specific arguments likely did not cause this modification. The defense insisted on a pederastic view of Wilde's relationships. This view followed Halperin's model in which the dominant or active partner received one sexual gratification and the passive recipient received another reward. Although the defense rarely discussed actual sexual acts, it emphasized numerous examples of monetary or intellectual rewards for Wilde's "boys" in a pederastic context, such as an "intellectual treat" (Holland 159) or “money and gifts” (Holland 164) for various young men mentioned in the indictment. Although this concept of pederasty was crucial to the defense against Wilde, the inequality between partners that it emphasized did not translate into the new homosexual image. Additionally, Carson presents his arguments by emphasizing sodomy as a symptom of "a