Overview Brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in children and adults ages 1 to 44. Motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, or simple falls commonly result in brain injuries, events that cause brain damage. commonly occur on playgrounds, at work or at home. There are two different types of brain injuries: traumatic brain injuries and non-traumatic brain injuries. A traumatic brain injury occurs when a force acts quickly on an individual's head or neck, causing direct physical injury to the brain. A non-traumatic brain injury occurs when a person experiences a physiological event that results in a disruption of normal brain function, i.e. loss/increase of oxygen or blood flow. Each year, approximately 52,000 deaths are due to head trauma. Both types of classification proceed through a two-step process: primary and secondary damage. A primary injury can be the result of many factors such as a skull fracture, contusions and bruises, hematomas, lacerations or nerve damage. Secondary brain injuries occur shortly after the initial primary trauma. Most deaths in emergency rooms are due to secondary brain injuries. As the brain and brainstem are very easily injured, much research and technological development has been carried out in prevention efforts. The first line of defense against traumatic brain injury is educating the public about health and safety. This effort, if recognized, can significantly reduce the risk of head trauma. Brain damage can range from complete rehabilitation to short- or long-term loss of motor function and even in extreme but fairly common circumstances, death. Because TBI is so prevalent in professional sports, much research is developing or improving technologies to protect athletes. There is...... middle of paper ...... self-monitoring and evaluation. A person may lose the ability to think critically, concentrate on a task at hand for an extended period of time, process information quickly, retain recent memories, and generally the ability to care for themselves -even. .org/tbi-faqs/tbi-statistics/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injuryhttp://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/tbi/http://www.mayfieldclinic.com /PE-TBI.htmhttp://circ.ahajournals.org/content/117/4/e25.longhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/326510-overviewhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pubmedhealth/PMH0003684/http://www.Strokecenter.org/patients/about-Strokes/ischemic-Stroke/http://www.Strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/IschemicClots/Ischemic-Strokes-Clots_UCM_310939_Article.jsphttp https://www.AVC.org/site/PageServer?pagename=type