Table of ContentsIntroductionRecommendationsDiabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSME/S)Aboriginal Diabetes Wellness ProgramNational Diabetes Prevention ProgramConclusionReferencesIntroductionDiabetes is a chronic disease that affects the mechanism of converting food into energy. A significant amount of the food we eat is metabolized into glucose and transported into the bloodstream. When blood sugar levels rise, the pancreas is told to secrete insulin. Insulin mimics the role of a key that allows blood glucose to be absorbed by the body's cells as energy currency. Diabetes occurs due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. When any of the conditions mentioned persist, glucose stays in the blood longer than it should be, which is called hyperglycemia. Therefore, it leads to serious complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy and kidney diseases. Unfortunately, there is no way to reverse diabetes, but losing weight, adopting healthy eating habits and leading an active lifestyle could keep it under control. In addition, compliance with medications and respecting medical appointments considerably reduce the impact of this disease. (Diabetes, 2019). Say no to plagiarism. Get a custom essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the original essayStatistically speaking, 30.3 million adults in the United States, or 9.4% of the U.S. population, suffer from diabetes, of which a quarter of the population mentioned, or 12.2% of American adults, are absolutely unaware of it! Not surprisingly, diabetes ranks as the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, where in 2015, 79,535 deaths were due to diabetes complications. Worse still, in 2014, it was the leading cause of lower limb amputations with 108,000 cases and kidney failure with 52,159 cases. Over the past two decades, the population diagnosed with this disease has more than doubled! Above all, the risk of developing this disease has increased by 25.2% among people aged 65 or over! The cost of diabetes interventions was estimated to be $245 billion in 2012. Each year, a diabetic patient spent an average of $13,700 on medical expenses. (Diabetes, 2019) (Estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States, 2017). There are three types of diabetes, namely type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that occurs in children and adolescents, in which the patient must inject insulin daily. This type has affected 5% of the overall diabetic population and is completely unavoidable. While 90% of the diabetic population consists of type 2 diabetic patients. Type 2 occurs when the body fails to use insulin effectively to maintain blood sugar levels within the normal range. Type 2 diabetes was thought to be diagnosed only in adults, but recently even young people are increasingly being diagnosed with it (Diabetes, 2019). From 2011 to 2012, 5,300 children and adolescents were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States, 2017). Between 2013 and 2015, the prevalence of diabetes was highest among Native Americans, 15.1%, followed by Mexicans, 13.8%, non-Hispanic blacks, 12.7%, Hispanic ethnicity, 12.7%. .1%, Puerto Ricans, 12.0% and Asian Indians, 11.2%. The prevalence differed in particular according to the socio-economic environment, in particular the levelof education. (Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States, 2017) Type 2 diabetes could be prevented or delayed by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs in women conceived without a history of diabetes. Usually, this diabetes disappears after childbirth, but it increases the predisposition of women to develop type 2 diabetes in the future. Additionally, the child tends to be obese and predisposed to type 2 diabetes as well. In the American adult population, in 2015, more than one in three adults, or 84.1 million, or 33.9%, were pre-diabetic! Surprisingly, 90% of prediabetics were unaware of it because their blood sugar levels were higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed. Smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia have been highlighted as risk factors. Among all data collected from diabetics from 2011 to 2014, 15.9% were smokers, 87.5% were obese, 40.8% were physically inactive, 73.6% had high blood pressure, 58.2% had hyperlipidemia and 15.6% had hyperglycemia. Since 90% of diabetics have type 2 diabetes, almost all data is typical of type 2 diabetes. (Diabetes, 2019) (Estimates of Diabetes and its Burden in the United States, 2017) In this article, I have made recommendations for delaying the onset and control of diabetes.RecommendationsI strongly recommend appropriate health education as the primary tool for delaying, controlling or preventing diabetes, because between 2013 and 2015, the age-adjusted incidence of diabetes was about twice as high among patients with no secondary education, i.e. 10.4 per 1,000 people, compared to 5.3 per 1,000 people, among whom had more than secondary education (Estimates of Diabetes and Its burden in the United States, 2017). In addition to education, community engagement and ecological or multilevel approaches are necessary to ensure the success of the health promotion program (Kelley, 2005). Here are my recommendations for diabetes: - Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSME/S) DSME lays the foundation for people with diabetes to explore their decisions and programs to improve their health and quality of life. DSME/S involves the process of imparting knowledge, abilities, and skills to diabetics to care for themselves. It provides the necessary support for diabetics to continually apply their coping skills and behavioral transformations in order to avoid complications due to diabetes. DSME/S includes diverse community members and healthcare practitioners. However, they are required to follow the systematic referral process to enable type 2 diabetics to receive appropriate education and support within their practice. Two hallmarks of DSME/S are education and support. Because they recognize that educating diabetics once in a blue moon will not be of any use to them, as behavioral transformation is of utmost importance to put into practice everything they are taught. Therefore, DSME/S modules are designed to address diabetics' beliefs regarding health, culture, knowledge, physical and emotional challenges, family response, financial history, and other often overlooked dimensions that can still profoundly affect their motivation to develop. care. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends DSME/S to all people with diabetes, regardless of diabetes type, because it improves the diabetic experience in terms of education and self-care. The objective isalso reduce diabetes-related costs. (Powers, 2015) and health insurance policies. Since the benefits covered may be different depending on the insurer, it is important to know the services offered by the insurer. In particular, Medicare Part B beneficiaries are eligible for 10 hours of diabetes self-care training for an entire year, upon referral from physicians, physician assistants, registered nurses, and registered nurses. practitioners. Then, training hours increase by two hours each subsequent year. Despite its cost-effectiveness and health benefits, in the United States, only about 5% of Medicare beneficiaries who are diagnosed with diabetes have joined DSME/S. (Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) Toolkit, 2018). Since Medicare allowed outpatient coverage of DSME/S, numerous randomized trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of DSME/S on health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. undeniable was attributed to DSME/S. 61.9% of 118 procedures reported notable changes in glycated hemoglobin or A1C. The mean total drop in A1C was 0.74 and the mean absolute drop in HbA1C was 0.57. An even greater reduction, of 83.9%, was recorded in patients with persistently high hemoglobin glucose values ​​above 9 on the A1C scale (Chrvala, 2016). Another study shows that each 1% drop in HbA1c could reduce the risk of death by 21%, myocardial infarction by 14% and microvascular complications by 37% (Stratton, 2000). Apart from this, DSME/S was also associated with a lower 30-day readmission rate, analyzing 2,069 patients. Those who received the diabetes training had a readmission frequency of 11%, compared to 16% of those who did not receive the training. The study suggested that diabetes education indirectly affected the overall health of patients by promoting adherence to medications and treatment regimen, in addition to maintaining better self-care skills and behaviors (Healy, 2013) . Reducing readmissions has led to lower hospitalization expenditures and cost models among diabetics (Duncan, 2011). Native Diabetes Wellness Program Alaska Natives and Native American people have a greater predisposition to diabetes than any other racial group in the United States. Additionally, Native Americans have twice the risk of diabetes compared to whites. Diabetes has been identified as the cause of kidney failure in approximately 2 out of 3 Native Americans. This has made Native Americans the race more prone to kidney failure due to diabetes than any other race in the United States. Additionally, Native Americans were 5 times more at risk of kidney failure than any other race in 1996. Nonetheless, this risk has decreased significantly with the implementation of the Indian Health Service, an intervention of the Native Diabetes Wellness Program. (Vital Signs, 2017). The Native Diabetes Wellness Program uses a demographic approach to study long-term health outcomes and health care setting disparities among Native Americans. They also assess poverty, availability of nutritious food, jobs and places suitable for exercise. Additionally, the program focuses on the entire Native American community and bridges the gap between the population and local resources, such as healthy food, housing, mental health care and transportation. Additionally, the program includes a coordinated team approach that includes diabetes education, monitoring andoutreach to connect people with volunteers, pharmacists, health educators, behavioral clinicians and nutritionists. Additionally, this program integrates diabetic kidney disease prevention into regular diabetes care, which helps patients control their blood pressure and glucose levels. Additionally, they provide regular medications and appointments for kidney lab tests. (Vital Signs, 2017). To combat the diabetes epidemic in the Native American community, Congress created the Special Diabetes Grant Program (SDPI) in 1997. This grant program allocates $150 million annually to reach Native Americans. community. The Tribal Leaders Diabetes Committee was formed to be entrusted with the annual fund, which will be channeled to the Indian Health Service to coordinate all treatment and prevention interventions (Special Diabetes Program for Indians, n.d.). Additionally, the federal government funded the development of the Chronic Kidney Disease or CKD Surveillance System to track prevalence, incidence, and risk factors limited to a particular race, including Native Americans (Vital Signs, 2017). From 1996 to 2013., Diabetic kidney disease reduced by 54% among Native Americans thanks to the efforts of the Indian Health Service. In 5 years, the use of kidney medications among Native Americans increased from 42% to 74%. Mean arterial pressure was kept under control in hypertensive patients, i.e. (133/176 mmHg). Blood sugar control increased by 10%, and kidney tests in people 65 and older were 50% higher than those in the diabetes population covered by Medicare. Then, in 2013, Native Americans ranked third in the list of races suffering from kidney failure due to diabetes, up from their first place in 1996 (Vital Signs, 2017). National Diabetes Prevention Program It was estimated that Currently, the population of prediabetics has almost reached 86 million in the United States and in the next five years, 15 to 30 percent of the population will suffer from type 2 diabetes. With this in mind, Congress has charged the CDC to create the National Diabetes Prevention Program or NDPP, a semi-governmental effort to provide cost-effective, evidence-based interventions across the country to combat type 2 diabetes. It aims to unite community organizations, religious organizations, private insurance agencies, employers, health care providers and government sectors, in order to achieve optimal impact on the reduction of type 2 diabetes. This effort has been supported by the results of 'research that showed that structured lifestyle transformations can cut the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in half (National Diabetes Prevention Program, 2018). Different members of the community are joining hands in this national initiative to raise awareness about prediabetes. , disseminate information about NDPP, motivate participation in lifestyle transformation programs, and promote NDPP as one of the inclusive health benefits covered by insurers. Therefore, a strong workforce could be put in place to successfully manage the lifestyle transformation program nationally, while ensuring world-class standardized reporting on progress. Additionally, participation in interventions could be maximized through increased referrals (National Diabetes Prevention Program, 2018). One of the key features of the NDPP is the CDC-recognized Diabetes Prevention Lifestyle Change Program, designed to meet the needs of.