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Essay / Al-Ahsa dialect - 2324
1. INTRODUCTION. Hasawi is a variety of Arabic whose roots refer to the Central Semitic language family such as Hebrew and Aramaic. The Hasawi dialect is spoken in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, more precisely in the province of Al-Ahsa (Al-Hasaa). Therefore, the Al-Ahsa dialect, or Hasawi (HD), is also known as the Eastern Arabic dialect. In fact, it is considered the dominant dialect in the region, although there are other local dialects in the same region, such as Badawi, spoken by some Bedouin tribes. In 2009, the number of Hasawi speakers was estimated at 200,000 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (“Arabic, Spoken Gulf, Ethnologu”, 2009). Three reasons led to the selection of Hasawi for this study. First, there is little previous work on Hasawi, although it is considered a huge dialect as it is extended to other Gulf countries, such as Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Thus, HD is also spoken as a minor dialect in the previously mentioned countries, so Hasawi is sometimes called "Khaliji" Gulf Arabic. Second, the emergence of a new dialect a few years ago, Modern Hasawi, a mixture of Old Hasawi and Najdi, threatens the existence of the original Hasawi in Saudi Arabia despite the massive expansion of the dialect in neighboring countries. . Finally, Al-Ahsa dialect is considered a humorous subject among other Saudi dialects because it is difficult to understand (Bassiouney, 2010). The cause of this difficulty is probably linked to the sociolinguistic impact of non-Arabic languages, such as “Persian” Farsi and Turkish. However, it would be proven by the end of this article that this unattractive dialect has unique acoustic characteristics. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is to investigate Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This article is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction to the subject including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a literature review that includes brief related previous studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section presents the results of this study; and finally the conclusion.1.1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS.• Does the Hasawi dialect have various allophones of its plosive sounds? If so, which phonemes are pronounced differently?• What are the phonetic facts of Hasawi allophones?1.2. PHONOLOGICAL CONTEXT. This part of the first section presents the Hasawi phoneme inventory as a good reference for the Results section..