Modern Industrial Relations in India A study of modern industrial relations in India can be carried out in three distinct phases. The first phase can be considered to have started around the middle of the 19th century and ended at the end of the First World War. The second phase includes the period until independence in 1947, and the third phase represents the post-independence era. First phase: During the first phase, the British government in India was largely interested in enforcing sanctions for breach of contract and regulating working conditions with a view to minimizing the competitive advantages of native employers over to British employers. A series of legislative measures were passed during the second half of the 19th century, which may mark the beginning of industrial relations in India. The end of the First World War gave a new twist to labor policy, as it created certain social, economic and political conditions. which raised new hopes among people for a new social order. There was intense social unrest because workers' incomes did not keep up with rising prices and their aspirations. The establishment of the ILO in 1919 greatly influenced labor legislation and industrial relations policy in India. The emergence of trade unions in India, particularly the formation of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920, was another important event in the history of industrial relations in our country. Second phase: Post-World War I policy related to improving working conditions and providing social security benefits. It was a boom time for employers. With the rise in prices, their profits have increased enormously.