Did you know that New York institutions are legally violating the civil rights of Black and Hispanic citizens? These circumstances are the result of the NYPD's attempt to protect the common good of New York; Stop and Frisk is the policy that attempts to solve this problem. Stop and Frisk consistently targets Black and Hispanic citizens. It therefore does not promote a fair and just society because it considers these ethnic groups to be more likely to commit a crime. The origin of Stop and Frisk dates back to the Terry V. Ohio Supreme Court case, which took place in 1968. Terry, an experienced plainclothes officer, stopped and searched three male suspects; one of them produced a firearm without a license. This Supreme Court case essentially asserted that Stop and Frisk was constitutional under the Fourth Amendment (PBS Newshour). Stop and Frisk may essentially limit some people's rights because it gives the NYPD permission to avoid the Fourth Amendment, which protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The NYPD is authorized to stop and search an individual under the circumstances of probable cause: if an item or substance likely to cause serious bodily injury or which is not ordinarily carried in public places by respectful persons the law is present and in plain sight, or if the stop and search is supported by an oath of affirmation (FindLaw). Stop and Frisk negatively impacts Black and Hispanic citizens of New York because it promotes institutional racism. The NYPD promotes institutional racism by implementing Stop and Frisk. Institutional racism refers to policies and procedures of institutions that have a disproportionately negative effect on racial minorities' access and quality of goods, services, a... middle of paper ...... lice hunt them specifically, causing them to lose trust in the people they are supposed to trust to protect them. This is a dangerous outcome as people do not rely on their police when they find themselves in a situation requiring assistance from the NYPD. None of these impacts of Stop and Frisk are attributed to a fair and equitable society. The manner in which the NYPD conducts Stop and Frisk results in a lack of fairness, equality, and justice in New York's Black and Hispanic communities. One of the main causes of this phenomenon is that the police feel they have greater power over those ethnic groups that are inferior to them; arising from the fact that police possess the ability to violate people's civil rights under the Fourth Amendment. With this evidence, many would agree that Stop and Frisk negatively affects Black and Hispanic citizens because it promotes institutional racism..