Appalachia is a 205,000 square mile region that follows the spine of the Appalachian Mountains and extends from southern New York to northern Mississippi. It is home to more than 25 million inhabitants. Rich in natural resources, the region contains some of the richest mineral deposits in America (Daugneaux 1981). The coal, timber, oil, gas, and water contained in Appalachia are resources that have historically influenced the economic characteristics of the region. The region's economy relies heavily on mining, forestry, agriculture, chemical and heavy industries, among which coal mining appears to be the main financial contributor to the economy. Although half of the United States' electricity comes from coal power, many Americans no longer care about the devastating mining practice called mountaintop mining, used to extract coal in the southern United States. Appalachia. The radical process of strip mining literally blasts mountain peaks with thousands of pounds of explosives to reach thin layers of coal. They then dump millions of tons of rubble and toxic waste into the streams and valleys below the mining sites. Mining poisons drinking water, destroys beautiful forests and wildlife habitats, increases the risk of flooding and wipes out entire communities. Four distinct groups are involved in the mountaintop removal process: coal companies, Appalachia, environmental groups, and the Federal Court. To fully understand how natural resources have been understood, used and allocated, it is important to recognize this diversity. In this article, I will identify the resource management approach of these four groups in this case of mountaintop mining, respectively...... middle of article..... y question, what is the point of a profession that destroys your home and your body? While environmental groups place top priority on protecting the people and environment of the Appalachian region, mining companies strive to act cheaply and not responsibly. And the political government is burying its head in the sand when it comes to this issue, as it seeks the benefits of stable jobs and tax revenue from coal mining instead of seeking to ensure clean water in Appalachia. Recognize that conflict is a prerequisite for sustainable management that is participatory and equitable. Conflict resolution requires the cooperation of all groups involved. Through the cooperation of all parties, mountaintop coal mining can be changed so that better social, environmental and economic goals can be achieved and the interests of all parties involved can be duly considered..