The ultimate measure of the effectiveness of a company's organizational structure is undoubtedly its consistency with its long-term growth. Google went from its initial public offering price of $85 on August 19, 2004 to $570 today; arguably they have a very effective organizational structure. To promote innovation and commitment to cost containment; Google has invested a lot of money to build a highly transparent organization. Featuring a highly transparent organization, they make it easy for engineers to share ideas, question their peers, and change for the future. As an organization, Google uses a flat, transparent, non-hierarchical structure. Along with their two co-founders Larry Page, President of Products and Sergey Brin, President of Technology, CEO Eric Schmidt, who was brought in to provide adult supervision making the final decision on the production and direction of the company, and each employee to create the “perfect search engine”. Brin, 32, born to a Jewish family in Russia, fled to the United States in the late 1970s with his parents. Page, 33, grew up obsessed with inventing things; son of a parent both of whom teach computer science for a living. Eric, 51 years old, recruited from Novell where he worked as president and CEO.b. Communications plan. Google's spiritual cultures are clearly stated as follows: "Don't be mean." It's hard to say exactly what the TIME article "Searching for the Real Google" by Adi Ignatius means. The author cited an incident with a proposal that went as far as the top three, Brin, Page, and Eric, that might help explain "Don't Be Mean." The proposal was to add a small sponsored link to image search results to generate more revenue. In response, Page asks, "Aren't we making enough money already?" as everyone in the room laughs with the rejected proposal. Google is focused on improving the customer experience, not profit. With its anti-marketing beliefs, it is the only $100 billion company that does not air television advertising. Every Friday, Google holds an all-hands meeting where they make announcements, presentations, and hold a question and answer session. These general meetings help Google communicate effectively within the organization. Google also has “gatekeepers” who manage all engineers and their ideas. With gatekeepers working as an editor, designer, coder and friend of the employee; communications are not a problem at Google.