Logical thinking is based on creating hypotheses, analytical tests, and drawing reasonable conclusions from the results. Two of the main methods of reasoning in the scientific world are the methods of deduction and induction. Both methods are based on the conclusion between different cases. The differences between the two methods lie in the directions towards their conclusion as well as their logical approaches. Deductive reasoning is basically a simple form of valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning, or also called deduction, begins with a general statement, or hypothesis, and analyzes the possibilities to arrive at a particular, logical conclusion. This method is commonly used to test hypotheses and theories. The deductive reasoning method is generally consistent with prior knowledge or theories. It uses existing facts to explain a phenomenon and applies it to other events with the same explanation. Inferentially, if there is something that applies to a class or is true of a class of things in general, it applies and is true of all members of that specific class. An example is: “All monkeys are mammals. Caesar is a monkey. Caesar is therefore a mammal. For deductive reasoning to be valid (Its = valid + true/acceptable premises), the hypothesis must be correct. In the above statement it is acknowledged that “All apes are mammals” and “Caesar is a mammal” are true. The deduction is therefore valid. In some cases, it is possible to reach a logical conclusion if the generalization is false. However, if the generalization is incorrect, the conclusion might be logical, but it might also be wrong. An example: “All members of the lifesaving club are authorized to access the swimming pool. Jessica is allowed to...... middle of paper......tial argument has achieved the status of a philosophical classic. According to the standard explanation, Hume's argument purports to demonstrate that our beliefs about what we have not observed have no justification. Karl Raimund Popper, Austrian-British philosopher and professor at the London School of Economics, known as one of the greatest philosophers of science. of the 20th century. He also wrote extensively on social and political philosophy. Popper is known for rejecting the known intuitiveistic form of the scientific method in favor of empirical falsification. Falsification means that a theory is considered a scientific theory if the hypothesis can be proven false through observation or a physical experiment. A theory of empirical science can never be proven but can be disproved. This means that it can and must be scrutinized by decisive experiments..