Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of microbial spectra in gallstones and the effect of bacteriobia on wound infection. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essayIntroduction: Gallstone is the most common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract and remains the most frequently encountered cause of morbidity. There is good evidence in the literature supporting wound infection after cholecystectomy due to the presence of bacteria in the bile, with a reported incidence ranging from 4 to 10% in various studies. Some surgeons use bile culture results to guide their choice of empiric therapeutic antibiotics for subsequent wound infections. The present study evaluates bile microbial spectra in patients with chronic cholecystitis and their association with postoperative wound infection in a rural setting. Material and methods: The study was conducted on fifty patients with symptomatic gallstones, including all age groups and both sexes, admitted to the general surgery department of MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala during the period of August 2012 to August 2014. The study included 50 randomly selected cases of chronic cholecystitis who were admitted to the surgical departments of our hospital in the past 2 years. All patients underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy with or without exploration of the common bile duct. During surgery, 2 to 3 ml of bile was collected for culture from either the common bile duct or gallbladder for microbiological analysis in a labeled sterile container. The stones removed were classified according to their visual appearance. Bile samples were inoculated separately onto blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Robertson cooked meat medium and incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. For aerobic colonies, the morphology was read on blood agar, MacConkeys agar after 18 hours of inoculation, then subjected to staining and different biochemical reactions for confirmation of the species, then antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out. been carried out. For anaerobes from the Robertson cooked meat medium, the sample was then subcultured onto BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) agar with metronidazole. BHI agar with metronidazole was stored in a gas pot under anaerobic conditions and incubated at 370°C for 48 hours. The morphology of the colonies was read and confirmed by biochemical reaction. During the postoperative period, all patients received appropriate antibiotic coverage (first empirically and then according to culture report). Sutures were removed after 7 to 10 days from clean wounds. In case of wound infection, regular wound dressing was done, wound cultures were sent and later either secondary suturing was performed or the wound was allowed to heal by secondary intention. Results: Bile culture was positive in 14 cases (28%) with Escherichia coli. 7 (14%) as the most frequently encountered organism, followed by Klebsella 2 (4%), Citrobacter 2 (4%), Dipheroids 1 (2%), Enterococcus Facaelis 1 (2%), Candida 1 (2%). Growth of anaerobic organisms was not observed in any bile cultures. Discussion: A bacterial cause of cholecystitis has been proposed and bacteria are cultured in up to 46% of patients with acute cholecystitis. Bile aspiration and culture at the time of surgery for ductal diseases..