Female Genital Cutting total external female genitalia or injury to the female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Different people, with different disciplines, have used about three terms to refer to the practice of removing part of the female genitalia for traditional beliefs, values and attitudes. Human rights groups and health advocates use the term female genital mutilation (FGM) primarily to highlight the effects associated with its practice, namely the physical, emotional and psychological consequences. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Activists use the term female genital mutilation (FGC) with emphasis on the dangers and finally, another term used is female circumcision (FC) which, does not include the harm associated with the practice . In other words, many activists believe the term is misleading and ignore the invasive procedure associated with it because of the stark comparison to male circumcision. HISTORYThe origin of the tradition of female genital mutilation is not clearly known but its practice dates back at least 2000 years. Many people believe that FGM was commonly practiced in ancient Egypt, representing a distinction among the aristocracy. Researchers believe this primarily began during the rise of the slave trade, when women entered Arab societies. Some believe that the foundations of FGM arose with the arrival of Islam, with a connection to Arabs in some sub-Saharan African countries. Some believe that this practice developed among different ethnic groups mainly in sub-Saharan Africa as a sign of puberty rites. They considered FGM as a means of guaranteeing women's virginity and reducing the risk of fornication or reducing female desire. Overall, the practice of FGM appears to hark back to the ties of Africa and the fusion of the Islamic religion. It is clear that this evolved within primitive communities who wanted to exert power or control over women, particularly over their sexual behavior. The practice of FGM is linked to the technique that the Romans practiced on women and which consisted of “sliding rings into the labia majora of slaves” to prohibit or prevent them from becoming pregnant. I understand that during the slave trade, slaves, both male and female, were expected to follow and do whatever their masters ordered them to do. But in modern generations (after the abolition of the slave trade), with advanced education, the presence of universal human rights, many activists are making people aware of the importance of respecting and protecting human rights. man and countries all over the world are working for a goal of promoting the world. peace, harmony for every person gives these primitive communities the right to continue practicing FGM, with what do they justify their actions. Being a woman, seeing other girls and women's rights taken away from them, causing endless pain and unbearable consequences, all in the name of prioritizing traditional values, beliefs and attitudes or for religious reasons, is is simply a false and clear manifestation of gender inequality. .TYPES OF FGMThere aredifferent ways or methods used for FGM in different parts of the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are four types of FGM which describe the different processes or procedures used around the world. “Type I; includes partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or foreskin. This is also known medically as clitoridectomy, and is the most common type performed in Iraqi Kurdistan. “Type II is a more invasive procedure that includes partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora.” It is also known as excision and is mainly performed with or without cutting of the labia majora. “Type III is the most serious type of FGM, it involves the narrowing of the vaginal opening with the creation of a seal formed by cutting and then suturing the labia minora and/or labia majora with or without excision of the clitoris . » This is also known as infibulation. Finally, “type IV includes needles, piercings, incisions, scrapings and cauterizations”. This involves all harmful procedures of female genitalia. Internationally/globally, Types I and II are the best known or most commonly performed FGM procedures and make up approximately 85 percent of the four types. Girls undergo these procedures between birth and the age of 15, but FGM is said to occur at any age, even adulthood. In some cultures, primarily in Africa, FGM is fundamentally justified to initiate little girls into adulthood as a means of testing or to establish their ability to marry. GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF FGMWith reference to the WHO, more than 140 million girls and women worldwide have undergone or undergone these procedures. In Africa in particular, around 3 million girls or more are at risk of this practice each year. In order to better understand the term FGM and the reasons behind this harmful practice, we need to explore the countries or places in the world where FGM is practiced. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), female genital mutilation is practiced in more than 27 countries on the African continent and in parts of Asia, Malaysia and Indonesia. In the West, it is more common among immigrants from North America, Europe and Australia. In these countries, the practice of FGM is justified by references to different socio-cultural factors. Residents of these communities claim that this practice is rooted in local culture and that this traditional ritual is passed down from generation to generation. The preservation of culture and cultural identity is "the underlying impetus for the continuation of this practice." Other justifications relate to gender roles and "perceptions of women and girls as guardians of their family's honor" which are linked to "strict expectations regarding sexual 'purity' and women's lack of desire" . MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY “Female genital surgeries: the , the unknown and the unknowable” – the article discusses genital surgeries and the various harmful effects of such practices, particularly examining the health complications and serious impacts on sexuality of 'a woman. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is not something new in our modern times, it is a practice that has continued for many generations and years. Many different cultures around the world perform these traditional surgeries on the female genital area. Many people have insisted that such practices deprive women of their rights. They include academics, religious leaders, doctors, policymakers, activists, lawyers, and ethicists, to name but a few. »/

Essay / Female Genital Cutting total external female genitalia or injury to the female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Different people, with different disciplines, have used about three terms to refer to the practice of removing part of the female genitalia for traditional beliefs, values and attitudes. Human rights groups and health advocates use the term female genital mutilation (FGM) primarily to highlight the effects associated with its practice, namely the physical, emotional and psychological consequences. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Activists use the term female genital mutilation (FGC) with emphasis on the dangers and finally, another term used is female circumcision (FC) which, does not include the harm associated with the practice . In other words, many activists believe the term is misleading and ignore the invasive procedure associated with it because of the stark comparison to male circumcision. HISTORYThe origin of the tradition of female genital mutilation is not clearly known but its practice dates back at least 2000 years. Many people believe that FGM was commonly practiced in ancient Egypt, representing a distinction among the aristocracy. Researchers believe this primarily began during the rise of the slave trade, when women entered Arab societies. Some believe that the foundations of FGM arose with the arrival of Islam, with a connection to Arabs in some sub-Saharan African countries. Some believe that this practice developed among different ethnic groups mainly in sub-Saharan Africa as a sign of puberty rites. They considered FGM as a means of guaranteeing women's virginity and reducing the risk of fornication or reducing female desire. Overall, the practice of FGM appears to hark back to the ties of Africa and the fusion of the Islamic religion. It is clear that this evolved within primitive communities who wanted to exert power or control over women, particularly over their sexual behavior. The practice of FGM is linked to the technique that the Romans practiced on women and which consisted of “sliding rings into the labia majora of slaves” to prohibit or prevent them from becoming pregnant. I understand that during the slave trade, slaves, both male and female, were expected to follow and do whatever their masters ordered them to do. But in modern generations (after the abolition of the slave trade), with advanced education, the presence of universal human rights, many activists are making people aware of the importance of respecting and protecting human rights. man and countries all over the world are working for a goal of promoting the world. peace, harmony for every person gives these primitive communities the right to continue practicing FGM, with what do they justify their actions. Being a woman, seeing other girls and women's rights taken away from them, causing endless pain and unbearable consequences, all in the name of prioritizing traditional values, beliefs and attitudes or for religious reasons, is is simply a false and clear manifestation of gender inequality. .TYPES OF FGMThere aredifferent ways or methods used for FGM in different parts of the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are four types of FGM which describe the different processes or procedures used around the world. “Type I; includes partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or foreskin. This is also known medically as clitoridectomy, and is the most common type performed in Iraqi Kurdistan. “Type II is a more invasive procedure that includes partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora.” It is also known as excision and is mainly performed with or without cutting of the labia majora. “Type III is the most serious type of FGM, it involves the narrowing of the vaginal opening with the creation of a seal formed by cutting and then suturing the labia minora and/or labia majora with or without excision of the clitoris . » This is also known as infibulation. Finally, “type IV includes needles, piercings, incisions, scrapings and cauterizations”. This involves all harmful procedures of female genitalia. Internationally/globally, Types I and II are the best known or most commonly performed FGM procedures and make up approximately 85 percent of the four types. Girls undergo these procedures between birth and the age of 15, but FGM is said to occur at any age, even adulthood. In some cultures, primarily in Africa, FGM is fundamentally justified to initiate little girls into adulthood as a means of testing or to establish their ability to marry. GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF FGMWith reference to the WHO, more than 140 million girls and women worldwide have undergone or undergone these procedures. In Africa in particular, around 3 million girls or more are at risk of this practice each year. In order to better understand the term FGM and the reasons behind this harmful practice, we need to explore the countries or places in the world where FGM is practiced. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), female genital mutilation is practiced in more than 27 countries on the African continent and in parts of Asia, Malaysia and Indonesia. In the West, it is more common among immigrants from North America, Europe and Australia. In these countries, the practice of FGM is justified by references to different socio-cultural factors. Residents of these communities claim that this practice is rooted in local culture and that this traditional ritual is passed down from generation to generation. The preservation of culture and cultural identity is "the underlying impetus for the continuation of this practice." Other justifications relate to gender roles and "perceptions of women and girls as guardians of their family's honor" which are linked to "strict expectations regarding sexual 'purity' and women's lack of desire" . MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY “Female genital surgeries: the , the unknown and the unknowable” – the article discusses genital surgeries and the various harmful effects of such practices, particularly examining the health complications and serious impacts on sexuality of 'a woman. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is not something new in our modern times, it is a practice that has continued for many generations and years. Many different cultures around the world perform these traditional surgeries on the female genital area. Many people have insisted that such practices deprive women of their rights. They include academics, religious leaders, doctors, policymakers, activists, lawyers, and ethicists, to name but a few. »/

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