1.This approach was developed by JP Dunlop of Harvard University in 1958. This approach involves individuals who are part of an independent and continuous social system . The behavior, actions and roles of individuals are based on inner culture. The systematic approach has three elements: input, process and output. Society and the institutions within that society create the system that influences the process, which then determines the outcome or response of individuals. This theory is based on the idea that individuals are shaped by society and societal factors (Humanresource.com).Marxist ApproachThe Marxist approach examines industrial relations from a societal perspective. He views industrial relations as a small-scale version of a capitalist society. This approach is based on the assumption that industrial relations under capitalism are inevitable and therefore a source of conflict. According to Marxist, labor disputes are at the heart of industrial relations, but actual altercations are rare. The approach also considers this as a form ...