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  • Essay / The Greek concept of Xenia in the Odyssey - 1223

    The Greek concept of Xenia refers to hospitality and the positive relationship created by the exchange of courtesy between a guest and a host. Xenia is a custom traditionally followed by the Greeks and used as a symbol of generosity and pleasantness. This theme is prevalent in The Odyssey and emerges as a crucial asset when recognized and observed. The Odyssey, being an epic, recounts the heroic deeds of Odysseus in a conventionally vast space and period of time. During this period, the continuity between the natural and supernatural worlds is emphasized in a way that allows the reader to understand that sacrifice comes with reward. Throughout this journey, Odysseus faces supernatural enemies but also receives supernatural help. Characters who continually practice Xenia are rewarded with the protection of the gods due to their sacrifice and respect. As a result, when supernatural divine forces, like the goddess Athena, help the characters in the epic, like Odysseus, a sense of goodness and morality draws the character. In The Odyssey, Xenia evokes the positive recognition of the characters by the gods which ultimately proves their righteousness and good will. An example of this is given during the invocation of the muse in Book I. At sight of her, Telemachus immediately welcomes Athena into his “hospitality” (Homer 28) and insists on feeding her before she explains her visit. He also “took his spear and put it away” (Homer 28), “led her to a carved chair, on which he spread a carpet, and he sat there with a stool for his feet.” (Homer 28) This is an admirable practice of the host of the guest Xenia and the unconscious theoxenia. This example shows how respectful and generous Telemachus is towards people, regardless of their origins. Additionally, the descriptions of how he treats Athena, particularly the emphasis on the carved chair and the stool for her feet, emphasize his moral character. He seeks the best for the guest who has sought hospitality that demonstrates his good will. The result of this behavior towards the goddess left him “full of spirit and daring” (Homer). Throughout the epic, the suitors took advantage of Odysseus' absence and violated the principles of Xenia. They disturbed the peace of Telemachus and Penelope and did not do so. I do not show gratitude to their generous hosts. Therefore, the guest-host relationship was negative and it can be assumed from these descriptions that the suitors were people without good morals. The suitors did not care much for the hosts and always turned to them. thoughts towards other pleasures” (Homer 29) once they had obtained what they desired. They also left Telemachus “inconsolable” (Homer 28), proving that they were an inconvenience to the host. receive their karma at the end when Odysseus wipes them all out. During this climactic scene of Book XXII, “the indomitable Odysseus leapt onto the great threshold with his bow and full quiver” (Homer 328). man versus God (an allegorical element), which gives the underlying sense that the suitors were facing the consequences of the gods deciding their fate from above. Their past actions lead them to their future destiny, clearly predictable and announced since the hero often returns with victory in the general epic. Additionally, the suitors' deaths were justified because they