Past and present issues affecting Aboriginal poverty have long been a concern of social work services. Finding out how these issues cause poverty is important because it teaches us why Indigenous people are affected in the ways that they are. This essay discusses the underlying issues that result in indigenous poverty, focusing in particular on firstly, the depiction of material and non-material poverty, secondly on the loss of land, thirdly on the pollution of the indigenous environment, fourthly on exclusion from social arrangements and fourthly, on how practitioners can address these issues. Overall, the literature supports that poverty is a major problem affecting many Indigenous Australians in Australia. Material and non-material poverty are key factors in understanding the extent to which Indigenous Australians experience poverty. Material poverty refers to the deprivation of basic human needs (Taylor, 1993). Whereas non-material poverty includes elements of deprivation that are not directly caused by lack of income, but include factors such as lack of family support (Taylor, 1993). In an article by Choo (1990), he points out that indigenous communities suffer greatly from non-material factors of poverty, including the loss of children due to displacement, and the loss of dignity and self-respect due to oppression over the years. It was also stated that material poverty was also high in communities, which includes both income poverty and non-income poverty indicators such as housing and health. It is important to understand the full scope of the issue to fully understand the debate. The history of disadvantage of indigenous peoples began with the dispossession of their lands. Indigenous people were stripped of their hunting grounds and...... middle of article...... his research approach helps solve the problem by frequently improving the program. By researching the literature, it was found that poverty is a significant problem. issue affecting the lives of many Indigenous Australians. These examples of issues causing indigenous poverty showed that the loss of land that indigenous Australians have faced, historically and today, causes indigenous poverty, environmental pollution causes indigenous poverty in affecting their health and isolating them as well as exclusions from social provisions. that Indigenous Australians face do not support healthy well-being, which obviously leads to poverty. Overall, solving these problems requires being culturally appropriate. A research approach can also be effective in solving the problem. Therefore, the issues need to be addressed so that Indigenous Australians can enjoy fairness in all areas of life..