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Essay / The Roman War Machine - 1352
The Roman War Machine draws definitive lines between what is human and what is natural across their military camp. Polybius describes the Roman military system as being diametrically organized compared to that of the Greeks. While the Greeks “adapted the camp to the natural advantages of the terrain”, the Romans imposed themselves on their environment. Each camp is uniform in order to speed up communication and organization. From the location of the consular flag, an entire, uneducated camp can materialize with the homogeneity equivalent to the factory mass production of the Industrial Revolution. The Romans quite physically imposed order on a land that was foreign to them. Thus, the Romans transformed a chaotic land or world into an understandable world order. Nature is no longer an inhospitable alien environment because the Romans mapped the familiars of their military camp. Lucretius and Augustus, like the Roman soldiers, pervert the natural with literary and physical maps. Lucretia digs trenches in the earth, perverting nature with words, to protect man from the nebulous land of Shadows. Likewise, Augustus projects himself, like the military camp, onto his environment, in the form of the Ara Pacis. In his essay “Religion as a Cultural System,” Clifford Geertz offers the intrinsic vocabulary of what is imposed on nature as moods and motivations; moods "vary only in intensity" and refer "to the conditions from which they are designed to arise" while motives "have a directional direction" and refer "to the ends toward which they are designed to lead" . In other words, moods are temporary and inherent in the past and motivations are enduring and inherent in the future. In their unique methods, literary or physical, Lucre...... middle of paper......ly human with perverse juxtapositions that inoculate the Romans with Augustus as a remedy for such scruples. The accuracy of these new religions paralleling the state of nature is of no real importance; According to Geertz, "what a particular religion asserts about the fundamental nature of reality may be obscure, superficial, or, too often, perverse, but it must be if it is not to consist of a mere set of received and accepted practices." conventional feelings that we generally speak of moralism, of affirming something. The Romans, no matter how misleading these arguments, accepted each religion in the hope of a doctrine that dictated the moods of happiness and the motivations leading to honor. Lucretius and Augustus take the human and the natural, creating Epicureanism and the Golden Age, naturally human constructions to, like the military camp, make digestible for man what is foreign and frightening..