The purpose of this is to explain informal fallacies using examples.1: Appeal to the spite fallacyDescription of the calls L he appeal to the fallacy of malice is one in which it replaces despite the evidence when an "argument" faces a claim. This line of “reasoning” has the following form:1. Claim X is presented with the intention of generating however.Two. So statement C is false (or true). This type of “reasoning” is fallacious because a feeling of regret does not count as evidence for or against a claim. This is very clear in the following case: "Bill claims that the earth revolves around the sun, but remember that this trick went down last week now, I don't claim that the sun revolves around the earth makes sense for YOU .. ? "Of course, there are cases in which a statement evoking feelings of resentment or ill will can serve as legitimate evidence. However, it should be noted that true feelings of ill will or malice do not constitute evidence. Here is a example of such a situation: Jill: "I think I'll vote for Jane to be treasurer of NOW." Vicki: "Remember that time your wallet went missing at a meeting last year?" “Yes.” Vicki: “Well, I just found out she stole her purse and other things from people. » Jill: “I won't vote for her!” » In this case, Jill has a good reason not to vote for Jane. From a treasurer, we have to be honest, a known thief would be a bad choice. Even if Jill concludes that he must vote against Jane because she is a thief, and not just out of malice, his reasoning would not be fallacious. Examples of appeal to wickedness1 Bill. "I think Jane did a great job this year. I'm going to nominate her for the award.".Dave: "Forgotten Do you remember last year, she didn't nominate you last year?" ......Next example:1. Either 4 or 1 1 = 1 1 = 12.Two. It is true that 1 + 1 = 4.Three. So 1 1 = 12. In cases where the two options are, in fact, the only two options, this reasoning is fallacious. For example:1. Bill is dead or alive. Two. Bill is not dead. Three. So Bill is alive. Examples of False Dilemmas Senator Jill 1. “We're going to have to cut education funding this year. » Senator Bill: “Why? » Senator Jill: “Well, either we cut social programs or we live with a huge deficit and we can't live with the deficit. "2 Bill... "Jill and I support prayer in public schools." Jill: "Hey, I never said that! " Bill: "You're not an atheist, are you Jill? "Three. "Look, you're going to have to make a decision. Whether you decide you can afford that stereo or decide to go without music for a while.. "