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  • Essay / Article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

    Article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (see annex) states that all human beings should have the right to work, to freely choose their job, to benefit from fair and favorable employment conditions. work and protection against unemployment. Violations of these rules, such as forced labor and slavery, occur all over the world, although we rarely see evidence of them. In this section, violations of this right will be explored in three countries in the Americas: Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. There are approximately 5,000 to 6,000 forced laborers in the Brazil nut industry. They are forced to work in deplorable conditions, with families having to build their own shelters without appropriate materials or tools. Women and children work, but receive little or no pay. This violates article number 23 of the UDHR. There is no drinking water and the workers live on rice bought from the store and whatever they can find in the forest. Most sign a contract stating that the debts are legitimate and must be repaid with work, not money. There have been many cases of fraud regarding the way nuts are weighed. In one case, it was found that each load of twenty-six kilos weighed twenty-two kilos. In debt bondage to their employer, workers are not allowed to leave a construction site during the season. At the end of the season, if the workers have repaid their debts, they are allowed to leave with their wages. If the debts are not paid at the end of the season, the workers forced to stay on site to carry out manual work are even asked to return for the following season. Workers who stay behind create additional debt because they cannot earn money without collecting nuts, but still have to spend it on food and necessities. They do not have any type of rights as workers and are in the middle of the print media if they publish material considered racist. Journalists can even be arrested if their content is deemed inappropriate. Media companies can be punished even if the comment comes from a source or interviewee, not the company. In March 2012, journalist Rogelio Peláez was sentenced to 30 months in prison for a 2010 article defaming lawyer Waldo Molina. The National Press Association (ANP) counted ten physical attacks against journalists and twenty-seven verbal attacks in 2012. A particularly serious case resulted in the hospitalization of radio director Fernando Vidal and technician Karen Arce. Four intruders poured gasoline on Vidal and set him on fire. Peruvian politicians frequently respond to criticism by suing journalists, media companies and activists, and defamation is a criminal offense that can lead to imprisonment...