I. Introduction: The land problem has been one of the most controversial issues in Afghanistan's history. This is one of the main problems facing the capital Kabul. Addressing issues of land ownership and rural land tenure is essential to combating the current instability and slow recovery from war, conflict and drought in Afghanistan. Land conflicts are numerous and are expected to intensify with the increase in the return of refugees and the return of displaced people to their countries of origin. These conflicts concern both private properties and pastures, although to varying degrees. Evidence suggests that pastures are the main source of conflict in Afghanistan, mainly in the city of Kabul, because they involve and affect more people than conflicts around farms or houses, often exacerbating ethnic problems and intersecting conflicting needs unresolved in arable and pastoral lands. Furthermore, the availability and access to pasture as a resource are fundamental features of the Afghan socio-economy and, as such, represent the backbone of the livelihoods of a majority of rural households....