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  • Essay / Response of organisms to the increase in extreme weather events...

    A RESPONSE OF ORGANIZATIONS TO THE INCREASE OF EXTREME WEATHER EVENTSThe global climate has increased by approximately 0.6°C over the last 100 years ( Walther et al. This accelerating rate of change is largely due to humans: the industrial revolution, technological advances, and the burning of fossil fuels (Timmermann et al. 1999). This human involvement has gradually changed the natural order of the environment and many of its processes. Some of these environmental conditions are not easily predictable, as these climate changes also increase extreme weather events such as: droughts in savannah countries, floods in low-lying areas and increased intensity of events cyclonic events (Knutson et al. 2010). Human interactions with tropical forests in particular influence the nature of these forests. Many tropical forests mitigate warming through evaporative cooling, which represents the idea of ​​a stable ecosystem. Large-scale conversion of forests to pastures creates a hotter and drier climate (Bonan 2008). Deforestation for crops or roads creates edge effects in forests. Some of these tropical areas around the world will also experience increased precipitation in many tropical regions (Legates et al. 1990). With this additional precipitation and higher average temperatures, some tropical rainforests would experience an increase in their forest cover. Allowing greater growth or alteration of biodiversity and tropical levels within these stable tropical environments (Petchey et al. 1999). With this rapid evolutionary increase in temperature, many organisms must change their responses more quickly than previously necessary. Responding to rapid or slow changes depending on environmental conditions, for example using behavioral thermoregulation...... middle of paper ......, with the rest of the forest being refuge areas for surviving species (Haffer 1969). Especially on the land surrounding the equator between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer, also known as the tropics (Pidwirny 2006). More recently, scientists have predicted a global increase in temperatures because tropical ecosystems are sensitive to small changes in temperature, species distributions are likely to decline, not allowing enough time for the species to respond (Townsend et al. 1992 & Williams et al. 2003). With climate change, the tropics are experiencing more unpredictability in future precipitation and tropical cyclones (Henderson-Sellers et al. 1998 & Hughes 2003). Tropical cyclones have been modeled with increasing temperatures; it was found that cyclone intensity would increase but uncertainty in the frequency of events (Knutson et al.. 2010).