Project Group IV: Unique Properties of Water There are different properties (abnormalities) of water that are unique. The uniqueness of water comes from its molecular structure. The polarity of water molecules is a consequence of hydrogen bonds. The meaning of polarity is that the molecule has both a positively charged end and a negatively charged end, so water has a slight positive charge and a slight negative charge on opposite ends. The polarity of water is responsible for dissolving other molecules like sugars and ionic compounds. Water is known as the “universal solvent” because it has the ability to dissolve many substances. A water molecule is formed when two hydrogen atoms are combined with an oxygen atom. Cohesion is where molecules tend to stick together due to hydrogen bonding, meaning hydrogen bonding can hold water molecules together. The specific heat of water is much higher than the specific heat of other substances. We know that water exists in three different states: solid, liquid or gas. Water is a liquid between 0 degrees Celsius and 100 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature range from freezing to boiling point. An experiment involving the uniqueness of water is the “droplets on a penny” experiment. The goal of this experiment was to show the cohesion and surface tension of water molecules. To perform this experiment, you will need a penny, a pipette, and water. The pipette should contain water so that the water droplets can fall onto the penny. The water droplets should be counted until a certain amount of water drips from the edge of the coin. The number of droplets must be recorded.Test 1 Test 2Water (amount of droplets on a penny) 20 26Cohesion is present in the “droplets on a penny” experiment because when the H2O molecules fall on the penny, they attract each other. each other to form a larger H2O molecule. Surface tension is present because it describes the cohesion between water molecules. Once a certain number of droplets have fallen on a penny, the water overflows, causing the molecules to separate from each other. Another experiment is the “specific heat capacity of water” experiment. In this experiment, the goal is to determine the specific heat capacity of water by measuring temperature changes at certain periods. The materials needed for this experiment are a stopwatch, an electric heater, a thermometer and water. The procedure involves heating the water in the electric heater and using a thermometer to measure the temperature change at periods of 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1 1/2 minutes and 2 minutes..