Recently, research on visible light communication (VLC) and optical wireless communication (OWC) has been growing. The benefits of these technologies, such as ubiquitous availability, high bandwidth, and unlicensed spectrum, are well known and many additional applications are still being explored. Although VLC cannot replace the most popular radio frequency (RF) based system, but it is expected to be widely deployed and used in indoor environment for multiple applications including Gigabit data rate. At the same time, there is a technological difference in operation. However, many RF techniques are tested and evaluated in VLC. For example, multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) that form the VLC transmitter and multiple photodetectors (PDs) of the VLC receiver are considered as a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) based system. It has been demonstrated that MIMO techniques can provide gains in VLC systems under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay Several of these optical MIMO techniques, including repetition coding (RC), spatial modulation (SM), spatial multiplexing (SMP), have been studied and their performance analyzed. They have also been discussed for multi-user VLC. SM is shown to provide improved spectral efficiency, especially at low SNR, and robustness to channel correlation compared to RC and SMP. However, RC requires a larger constellation size to achieve high data throughput and SMP improves this performance by fully exploiting multiplexing gains. Additionally, generalized spatial modulation is another scheme to improve spectral efficiency and reduce the number of transmitters in the RF system. Also in the optical domain, the authors have studied this generalized spatial modulation. The authors compared the BER performance of generalized spatial modulation with other MIMO schemes, including SMP and SM. It is shown that generalized spatial modulation gives better performance. Furthermore, we conclude that the performance of VLC based on generalized spatial modulation improves if the half-power half-angle of LEDs is decreased. In this work, we extended the study to the case from the point of view of multi-user detection. Two user terminals, each with two optical receivers, are considered at the VLC receiver. The generalized spatial modulation scheme compared to conventional MIMO and SM MIMO schemes for multi-user VLC is studied. Furthermore, the single LED power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance using different fields of view (FOV) at the receiver for multi-user VLC system are also discussed and presented. In this work, the room area of ​​5 m × 5 m × 3 m for multi-user MIMO indoor VLC systems is considered. First, we analyze conventional MIMO and SM MIMO and their BER performance. Next, we analyze generalized spatial MIMO modulation and its BER performance. The precoding algorithm is used to eliminate multi-user interference (MUI) in the transmitter by preprocessing data from each user terminal. The results show that generalized spatial modulation provides better performance. Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a personalized essay The rest.