2.3. TYPOLOGY OF WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Bowie (cited in Davis and Snyman, 2005) notes that the typology of workplace violence that is generally accepted in current circles of law, occupational health and safety, criminology and Safety is based on the abuser's relationship with the workplace. The California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) has developed a workplace typology. In this typology, workplace violence events are classified into five types, namely Type I which is stranger violence, Type II is customer/customer violence and Type III is organizational violence, which is violence committed within organizations. Type IV and Type include types of workplace violence and employer violence which covers physical and non-physical violence committed by an employer on an employee (Cal/OSHA, 1995). Besides the typology mentioned above, there is another widely recognized and fundamental typology used for different studies on workplace aggression which is the one proposed by Buss (cited in Neuman & Baron, 2005) which classifies workplace aggression according to three dichotomies, namely physical-verbal, active-passive and direct-indirect. Physical aggression involves physical actions (e.g., pushing, attacking) on ​​the part of the aggressor, while verbal aggression (e.g., yelling, gossiping) inflicts harm through words rather than actions. Active aggression involves the perpetrator doing something to harm the target, either directly, such as through obscene gestures or racist remarks, or indirectly, such as through theft or spreading rumors. Passive-aggressive behavior involves indirectly expressing negative feelings instead of addressing them openly. There is a discrepancy between what is middle of paper......the duties of employees as outlined by the amended OHSA Act No. 181 of 1993. The Act states that “the employee must take reasonable care of the health and safety of himself and others; cooperate with the employer to fulfill any obligation or requirement imposed by the LSST; carry out all lawful orders and comply with health and safety rules and procedures established by the employer or by any person authorized to do so by the employer, in the interests of health or safety; report any dangerous or unhealthy situation as quickly as possible to the employer or health and safety representatives; and if the employee is involved in an incident which may affect his health or which has caused him injury, report this incident to the employer or to any person authorized by the employer to do so as soon as possible thereafter.’.