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Essay / Dollar spot - 857
Dollar spot (Sclerotinia Homoecarpa) is considered the most widespread turf disease in North America, particularly on golf course greens and fairways (Charbonneau, 2010) . Dollar spot produces round, straw-colored spots ranging from 2 to 6 inches on closely mowed grass. Early in the morning, when the grass is covered with dew, there may be a spider web-like growth on the grass leaves. In the early stages of the disease, leaves develop tan spots and hourglass-shaped bands down the middle of the leaf (Duble, 2006). The spots can grow to form large irregular areas on the turf that can eventually cover a putting green. The fungus survives as masses of mycelia called sclerotia or stromata on plants or in thatch during adverse weather conditions (Bonos, 2011). The mycelium begins to develop from the thatch on the moist surface of the leaves to cause the first infections (Charbonneau, 2010). Plant tissue infected with dollar spot can be carried by many objects such as golf cars, lawn mowers, and golf shoes. The disease attacks the foliage and crown of the plant, but the rhizomes and stolons are not infected (Krause, 2005). Cultural Fight Against the Dollar Spot The cultural fight against the dollar stain is a major success if done correctly. Some cultural practices that promote healthy turf include removing excess thatch, mowing frequently at recommended heights, and aerating compacted soils (SLJ, 2009). Removing excess thatch can be achieved in several ways, for example: using a vertical mower or using a mechanical rake. Aerating the turf will help with soil compaction, while surface treatment will aid drainage (Wong 2009). Mow the lawn to the recommended height without removing more than 1/3 of the leaf surface in a single mowing (Pigati...... middle of paper......t Program.Bonos, Stacy. 2011." Gene Action of Dollar Spot Resistance in Creeping Bentgrass." Journal of Phytopathology 159.1:12-18. Burpee, Lee and Richard Latin. 2008. "Reevaluation of Fungicide Synergy for Dollar Spot Control "Plant Disease 92.4:601-06. Pigati, Dernoeden, Grybauska, and Momen. 2010. “Simulated performance of rain and mowing impact fungicides when targeting dollar spot in creeping bentgrass.” Putman, Alexander, Geunhwa Jung and John Kaminski 2010. "Geographic distribution of fungicide-insensitive Scierotinia Homoeocarpa isolates from golf courses in the northeastern United States." Plant Disease 94.2: 185-96. Young-Ki, Jo. , Chang Seog Won, Michael Boehm and Jung Geunhwa 2008. “Rapid development of fungicide resistance by Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa in turfgrass.” 98.12: 1297-304.